RGD Reference Report - Genomic organization, expression, and function of bitter taste receptors (T2R) in mouse and rat. - Rat Genome Database

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Genomic organization, expression, and function of bitter taste receptors (T2R) in mouse and rat.

Authors: Wu, SV  Chen, MC  Rozengurt, E 
Citation: Wu SV, etal., Physiol Genomics. 2005 Jul 14;22(2):139-49. Epub 2005 May 10.
RGD ID: 1579816
Pubmed: PMID:15886333   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00030.2005   (Journal Full-text)

Mammalian type 2 taste receptors (T2R) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors that mediate bitter signals in taste cells. In the present study, we compared the genomic organization of rodent T2R genes based on the recently completed mouse and rat genomes and examined tissue- and cell-specific expression of T2Rs. Both mouse and rat T2R families consist of 36 intact genes and at least 7 pseudogenes that are mapped to mouse chromosomes 15, 2, and 6 and to rat chromosomes 2, 3, and 4, respectively. All but two T2R genes are clustered on mouse chromosome 6 and rat chromosome 4 with virtually identical genomic organization. The orthologs of the first human T2R gene identified, mT2R119 and rT2R1, are located on mouse chromosome 15 and rat chromosome 2, whereas the novel rodent-specific T2R genes, mT2R134 and rT2R34, are located on mouse chromosome 2 and rat chromosome 3, respectively. Our results, using RT-PCR, demonstrate the presence of transcripts corresponding to the putative denatonium benzoate (DB) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) receptors in the antrum, fundus, and duodenum as well as in STC-1 and AR42J cells. The novel rodent-specific T2R gene (mT2R134 and rT2R34) was also expressed in these tissues and cell lines. The addition of DB, PTC, or cycloheximide to AR42J cells induced a rapid increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. The specificity of these effects is shown by the fact that these bitter stimuli did not induce any detectable Ca(2+) signaling in many other rodent or human cells that do not express receptors or G proteins implicated in bitter taste signaling. These results demonstrate that mouse and rat T2R genes are highly conserved in terms of genomic organization and tissue expression, suggesting that rodent T2Rs are evolved under similar dietary pressure and share bitter sensing functions in the lingual and gastrointestinal systems.



Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process

  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Tas2r134Ratdetection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste acts_upstream_of_or_withinIDA PMID:15886333MGI 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Tas2r134  (taste receptor, type 2, member 134)


Additional Information