RGD Reference Report - Comprehensive analysis of keratin gene clusters in humans and rodents. - Rat Genome Database

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Comprehensive analysis of keratin gene clusters in humans and rodents.

Authors: Hesse, M  Zimek, A  Weber, K  Magin, TM 
Citation: Hesse M, etal., Eur J Cell Biol 2004 Feb;83(1):19-26.
RGD ID: 1303986
Pubmed: PMID:15085952   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1078/0171-9335-00354   (Journal Full-text)

Here, we present the comparative analysis of the two keratin (K) gene clusters in the genomes of man, mouse and rat. Overall, there is a remarkable but not perfect synteny among the clusters of the three mammalian species. The human type I keratin gene cluster consists of 27 genes and 4 pseudogenes, all in the same orientation. It is interrupted by a domain of multiple genes encoding keratin-associated proteins (KAPs). Cytokeratin, hair and inner root sheath keratin genes are grouped together in small subclusters, indicating that evolution occurred by duplication events. At the end of the rodent type I gene cluster, a novel gene related to K14 and K17 was identified, which is converted to a pseudogene in humans. The human type II cluster consists of 27 genes and 5 pseudogenes, most of which are arranged in the same orientation. Of the 26 type II murine keratin genes now known, the expression of two new genes was identified by RT-PCR. Kb20, the first gene in the cluster, was detected in lung tissue. Kb39, a new ortholog of K1, is expressed in certain stratified epithelia. It represents a candidate gene for those hyperkeratotic skin syndromes in which no K1 mutations were identified so far. Most remarkably, the human K3 gene which causes Meesmann's corneal dystrophy when mutated, lacks a counterpart in the mouse genome. While the human genome has 138 pseudogenes related to K8 and K18, the mouse and rat genomes contain only 4 and 6 such pseudogenes. Our results also provide the basis for a unified keratin nomenclature and for future functional studies.



Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process

  

Cellular Component

  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Krt15Ratintermediate filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt17Ratintermediate filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt24Ratintermediate filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt39Ratintermediate filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt76Ratintermediate filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt83Ratintermediate filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt15Ratkeratin filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt17Ratkeratin filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt24Ratkeratin filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt39Ratkeratin filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt76Ratkeratin filament  TAS  RGD 
Krt83Ratkeratin filament  TAS  RGD 

Molecular Function

  

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Krt15  (keratin 15)
Krt17  (keratin 17)
Krt24  (keratin 24)
Krt39  (keratin 39)
Krt76  (keratin 76)
Krt83  (keratin 83)

Objects referenced in this article
Gene Ka11 type I keratin KA11 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt1 keratin 1 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt10 keratin 10 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt25 keratin 25 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt26 keratin 26 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt27 keratin 27 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt31 keratin 31 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt32 keratin 32 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt33b keratin 33B Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt4 keratin 4 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt40 keratin 40 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt42 keratin 42 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt73 keratin 73 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt75 keratin 75 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt77 keratin 77 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt80 keratin 80 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt81 keratin 81 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt82 keratin 82 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt84 keratin 84 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt85 keratin 85 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt86 keratin 86 Rattus norvegicus
Gene Krt90 keratin 90 Rattus norvegicus

Additional Information