RGD Reference Report - Cadmium induction of reactive oxygen species activates the mTOR pathway, leading to neuronal cell death. - Rat Genome Database

RGD Reference Report - Cadmium induction of reactive oxygen species activates the mTOR pathway, leading to neuronal cell death. - Rat Genome Database

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Cadmium induction of reactive oxygen species activates the mTOR pathway, leading to neuronal cell death.
Authors:	Chen, L Xu, B Liu, L Luo, Y Zhou, H Chen, W Shen, T Han, X Kontos, CD Huang, S
Citation:	Chen L, etal., Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Mar 1;50(5):624-32. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.032. Epub 2010 Dec 30.
RGD ID:	11040689
Pubmed:	PMID:21195169 (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID:	PMC3032035 (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI:	DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.032 (Journal Full-text)
Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic environmental pollutant, induces neurodegenerative diseases. Recently we have demonstrated that Cd induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that Cd induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by upregulating the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 and its regulatory proteins (p22(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), p47(phox), and Rac1) in PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells. Cd induction of ROS contributed to the activation of mTOR signaling, as pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, prevented this event. Further studies reveal that Cd induction of ROS increased phosphorylation of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) beta subunit, which was abrogated by NAC. Wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3'-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, partially attenuated Cd-induced phosphorylation of Akt, p70 S6 kinase 1, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, as well as apoptosis of the neuronal cells. In addition, overexpression of wild-type phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) or pretreatment with aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, partially prevented Cd-induced ROS and activation of the mTOR pathway, as well as cell death. The results indicate that Cd induction of ROS activates mTOR signaling, leading to neuronal cell death, in part by activating the positive regulators IGFR/PI3K and by inhibiting the negative regulators PTEN/AMPK. The findings suggest that inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR, activators of AMPK, or antioxidants may be exploited for the prevention of Cd-induced neurodegenerative diseases.

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Object Symbol	Species	Term	Qualifier	Evidence	With	Notes	Source	Original Reference(s)
Cybb	Rat	cellular response to cadmium ion		IEP			RGD

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Genes (Rattus norvegicus)

Cybb (cytochrome b-245 beta chain)

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