RGD Reference Report - Regulation of mitochondrial transport in neurons. - Rat Genome Database

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Regulation of mitochondrial transport in neurons.

Authors: Lin, MY  Sheng, ZH 
Citation: Lin MY and Sheng ZH, Exp Cell Res. 2015 May 15;334(1):35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.004. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
RGD ID: 10402141
Pubmed: PMID:25612908   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC4433773   (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.004   (Journal Full-text)

Mitochondria are cellular power plants that supply ATP to power various biological activities essential for neuronal growth, survival, and function. Due to unique morphological features, neurons face exceptional challenges to maintain ATP and Ca(2+) homeostasis. Neurons require specialized mechanisms distributing mitochondria to distal areas where energy and Ca(2+) buffering are in high demand, such as synapses and axonal branches. These distal compartments also undergo development- and activity-dependent remodeling, thereby altering mitochondrial trafficking and distribution. Mitochondria move bi-directionally, pause briefly, and move again, frequently changing direction. In mature neurons, only one-third of axonal mitochondria are motile. Stationary mitochondria serve as local energy sources and buffer intracellular Ca(2+). The balance between motile and stationary mitochondria responds quickly to changes in axonal and synaptic physiology. Furthermore, neurons are postmitotic cells surviving for the lifetime of the organism; thus, mitochondria need to be removed when they become aged or dysfunction. Mitochondria also alter their motility under stress conditions or when their integrity is impaired. Therefore, regulation of mitochondrial transport is essential to meet altered metabolic requirements and to remove aged and damaged mitochondria or replenish healthy ones to distal terminals. Defects in mitochondrial transport and altered distribution are implicated in the pathogenesis of several major neurological disorders. Thus, research into the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial motility is an important emerging frontier in neurobiology. This short review provides an updated overview on motor-adaptor machineries that drive and regulate mitochondrial transport and docking receptors that anchor axonal mitochondria in response to the changes in synaptic activity, metabolic requirement, and altered mitochondrial integrity. The review focuses on microtubule (MT)-based mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring. Additional insight from different perspectives can be found in other in-depth reviews.



Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations


  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
DCTN1Humanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
DYNC1H1Humanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
Dctn1Ratmitochondria transport pathway  ISODCTN1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Dctn1Mousemitochondria transport pathway  ISODCTN1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Dync1h1Ratmitochondria transport pathway  ISODYNC1H1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Dync1h1Mousemitochondria transport pathway  ISODYNC1H1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
FEZ1Humanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
Fez1Ratmitochondria transport pathway  ISOFEZ1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Fez1Mousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOFEZ1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
KIF1BHumanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
KIF5AHumanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
KIF5BHumanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
KIF5CHumanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
Kif1bRatmitochondria transport pathway  ISOKIF1B (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Kif1bMousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOKIF1B (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Kif5aRatmitochondria transport pathway  ISOKIF5A (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Kif5aMousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOKIF5A (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Kif5bRatmitochondria transport pathway  ISOKIF5B (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Kif5bMousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOKIF5B (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Kif5cRatmitochondria transport pathway  ISOKIF5C (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Kif5cMousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOKIF5C (Homo sapiens) RGD 
RANBP2Humanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
RHOT1Humanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
RHOT2Humanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
Ranbp2Mousemitochondria transport pathway  ISORANBP2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Ranbp2Ratmitochondria transport pathway  ISORANBP2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rhot1Ratmitochondria transport pathway  ISORHOT1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rhot1Mousemitochondria transport pathway  ISORHOT1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rhot2Ratmitochondria transport pathway  ISORHOT2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rhot2Mousemitochondria transport pathway  ISORHOT2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
SNPHHumanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
SYBUHumanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
SnphRatmitochondria transport pathway  ISOSNPH (Homo sapiens) RGD 
SnphMousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOSNPH (Homo sapiens) RGD 
SybuMousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOSYBU (Homo sapiens) RGD 
SybuRatmitochondria transport pathway  ISOSYBU (Homo sapiens) RGD 
TRAK1Humanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
TRAK2Humanmitochondria transport pathway  TAS  RGD 
Trak1Ratmitochondria transport pathway  ISOTRAK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Trak1Mousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOTRAK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Trak2Ratmitochondria transport pathway  ISOTRAK2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Trak2Mousemitochondria transport pathway  ISOTRAK2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Dctn1  (dynactin subunit 1)
Dync1h1  (dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1)
Fez1  (fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1)
Kif1b  (kinesin family member 1B)
Kif5a  (kinesin family member 5A)
Kif5b  (kinesin family member 5B)
Kif5c  (kinesin family member 5C)
Ranbp2  (RAN binding protein 2)
Rhot1  (ras homolog family member T1)
Rhot2  (ras homolog family member T2)
Snph  (syntaphilin)
Sybu  (syntabulin)
Trak1  (trafficking kinesin protein 1)
Trak2  (trafficking kinesin protein 2)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Dctn1  (dynactin 1)
Dync1h1  (dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1)
Fez1  (fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1)
Kif1b  (kinesin family member 1B)
Kif5a  (kinesin family member 5A)
Kif5b  (kinesin family member 5B)
Kif5c  (kinesin family member 5C)
Ranbp2  (RAN binding protein 2)
Rhot1  (ras homolog family member T1)
Rhot2  (ras homolog family member T2)
Snph  (syntaphilin)
Sybu  (syntabulin (syntaxin-interacting))
Trak1  (trafficking protein, kinesin binding 1)
Trak2  (trafficking protein, kinesin binding 2)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
DCTN1  (dynactin subunit 1)
DYNC1H1  (dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1)
FEZ1  (fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1)
KIF1B  (kinesin family member 1B)
KIF5A  (kinesin family member 5A)
KIF5B  (kinesin family member 5B)
KIF5C  (kinesin family member 5C)
RANBP2  (RAN binding protein 2)
RHOT1  (ras homolog family member T1)
RHOT2  (ras homolog family member T2)
SNPH  (syntaphilin)
SYBU  (syntabulin)
TRAK1  (trafficking kinesin protein 1)
TRAK2  (trafficking kinesin protein 2)


Additional Information