Becn1 (beclin 1, autophagy related) - Rat Genome Database

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Gene: Becn1 (beclin 1, autophagy related) Mus musculus
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Symbol: Becn1
Name: beclin 1, autophagy related
RGD ID: 736173
MGI Page MGI
Description: Enables identical protein binding activity and protein-macromolecule adaptor activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to glucose starvation; engulfment of apoptotic cell; and macroautophagy. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including amyloid-beta metabolic process; negative regulation of autophagosome assembly; and positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy. Located in autophagosome; phagocytic vesicle; and trans-Golgi network. Part of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III. Is active in cytoplasm. Is expressed in several structures, including brain; extraembryonic visceral endoderm; jaw; oral epithelium; and sensory organ. Used to study systemic lupus erythematosus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Machado-Joseph disease and breast cancer. Orthologous to human BECN1 (beclin 1).
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Previously known as: 4921513J16Rik; 5430417M23Rik; Atg; Atg6; Bcl-2-interacting protein beclin; beclin-1; coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein; coiled-coil, myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein; MGC6843
RGD Orthologs
Human
Rat
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Alliance Orthologs
More Info more info ...
Latest Assembly: GRCm39 - Mouse Genome Assembly GRCm39
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm3911101,179,084 - 101,193,112 (-)NCBIGRCm39GRCm39mm39
GRCm39 Ensembl11101,176,778 - 101,193,112 (-)EnsemblGRCm39 Ensembl
GRCm3811101,288,258 - 101,302,286 (-)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl11101,285,952 - 101,302,286 (-)EnsemblGRCm38mm10GRCm38
MGSCv3711101,149,581 - 101,163,581 (-)NCBIGRCm37MGSCv37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv3611102,067,439 - 102,081,397 (-)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
MGSCv3611101,104,357 - 101,118,357 (-)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
Cytogenetic Map11DNCBI
cM Map1164.58NCBI
JBrowse: View Region in Genome Browser (JBrowse)
Model


Disease Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
Acute Experimental Pancreatitis  (IEP)
acute necrotizing pancreatitis  (ISO)
alcoholic hepatitis  (IEP)
Alcoholic Liver Diseases  (IEP)
Alzheimer's disease  (IDA,ISO)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  (IEP)
anterior ischemic optic neuropathy  (ISO)
Barrett's esophagus  (ISO)
Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia  (ISO)
brain infarction  (ISO)
Brain Injuries  (IEP,ISO)
brain ischemia  (ISO)
breast cancer  (ISO)
Burns  (ISO)
Cardiomegaly  (ISO)
Cerebral Hemorrhage  (ISO)
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia  (ISO)
Closed Head Injuries  (IEP)
Colonic Neoplasms  (ISO)
congestive heart failure  (ISO)
degenerative disc disease  (ISO)
depressive disorder  (IEP,ISO)
Diabetic Nephropathies  (ISO)
diabetic neuropathy  (ISO)
end stage renal disease  (ISO)
epilepsy  (ISO)
esophagus adenocarcinoma  (ISO)
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus  (ISO)
Experimental Seizures  (ISO)
glaucoma  (ISO)
glioblastoma  (ISO)
Heat Stroke  (ISO)
Hyperalgesia  (ISO)
hypertension  (ISO)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy  (ISO)
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  (ISO)
ischemia  (ISO)
Kidney Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
Lewy body dementia  (ISO)
liver cirrhosis  (ISO)
Liver Reperfusion Injury  (IEP)
Lung Neoplasms  (ISO)
Machado-Joseph disease  (IEP,ISO)
middle cerebral artery infarction  (ISO)
myocardial infarction  (ISO)
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury  (IMP,ISO)
Neointima  (ISO)
Nerve Degeneration  (ISO)
non-alcoholic fatty liver  (ISO)
osteoarthritis  (IEP,ISO)
Osteoarthritis, Experimental  (ISO)
paraplegia  (ISO)
Parkinsonism  (IMP,ISO)
perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis  (ISO)
peritonitis  (ISO)
polycystic kidney disease  (IEP,ISO)
Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
schizophrenia  (ISO)
Spinal Cord Injuries  (IEP,ISO)
Spinal Cord Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
status epilepticus  (ISO)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage  (ISO)
systemic lupus erythematosus  (IAGP)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders  (ISO)
Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis  (ISO)
transient cerebral ischemia  (ISO)
type 2 diabetes mellitus  (ISO)
ureteral obstruction  (ISO)
viral encephalitis  (ISO)

Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(+)-pilocarpine  (ISO)
(+)-taxifolin  (ISO)
(+)-Tetrandrine  (ISO)
(-)-alpha-phellandrene  (ISO)
(-)-anisomycin  (ISO)
(-)-citrinin  (EXP)
(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate  (EXP,ISO)
(1->4)-beta-D-glucan  (EXP)
(20S)-ginsenoside Rg3  (EXP,ISO)
(S)-nicotine  (EXP,ISO)
(S)-ropivacaine  (ISO)
1,2-dimethylhydrazine  (EXP)
1,4-benzoquinone  (ISO)
17alpha-ethynylestradiol  (EXP)
17beta-estradiol  (ISO)
2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl  (ISO)
2,2-(2-Chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene  (EXP)
2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl  (ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (EXP,ISO)
2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid  (ISO)
2,4-D  (EXP,ISO)
2,6-dinitrotoluene  (ISO)
2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one  (ISO)
2-deoxy-D-glucose  (ISO)
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate  (ISO)
2-hydroxypropanoic acid  (ISO)
3-hydroxybutyric acid  (ISO)
3-methyladenine  (EXP,ISO)
3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione  (ISO)
4'-epidoxorubicin  (ISO)
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane  (EXP)
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol  (ISO)
4-nonylphenol  (ISO)
4-phenylbutyric acid  (EXP,ISO)
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine  (ISO)
5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol  (ISO)
5-fluorouracil  (EXP,ISO)
5-methoxypsoralen  (EXP)
7,12-dimethyltetraphene  (ISO)
abamectin  (ISO)
ABT-737  (ISO)
acadesine  (EXP)
acrylamide  (EXP,ISO)
acrylonitrile  (EXP)
actinomycin D  (EXP)
Aescin  (EXP,ISO)
aflatoxin B1  (EXP,ISO)
AICA ribonucleotide  (ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucose  (EXP,ISO)
alginic acid  (EXP)
Alisol B  (ISO)
all-trans-retinoic acid  (ISO)
alogliptin  (ISO)
alpha,alpha-trehalose  (EXP)
alpha-amanitin  (ISO)
alpha-D-galactose  (ISO)
alpha-phellandrene  (ISO)
Alpinetin  (EXP,ISO)
ammonium chloride  (ISO)
amsacrine  (ISO)
Anemoside B4  (EXP)
anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one  (ISO)
antirheumatic drug  (ISO)
apigenin  (EXP)
apocynin  (ISO)
aristolochic acid A  (ISO)
arsane  (ISO)
arsenic atom  (ISO)
arsenite(3-)  (EXP,ISO)
arsenous acid  (EXP,ISO)
asperuloside  (EXP)
astaxanthin  (ISO)
atorvastatin calcium  (EXP)
atrazine  (EXP,ISO)
azinphos-methyl  (ISO)
bafilomycin A1  (ISO)
baicalein  (ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene  (EXP,ISO)
berberine  (EXP,ISO)
beta-lapachone  (ISO)
beta-thujaplicin  (EXP)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (ISO)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
Bisphenol B  (ISO)
bisphenol F  (ISO)
bortezomib  (ISO)
brazilin  (ISO)
buprofezin  (ISO)
butyric acid  (ISO)
cadmium atom  (EXP,ISO)
cadmium dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
caffeine  (EXP,ISO)
calciol  (ISO)
calcipotriol  (ISO)
calcitriol  (EXP,ISO)
camptothecin  (ISO)
candesartan  (ISO)
cannabidiol  (EXP,ISO)
Cannabidivarin  (EXP)
cantharidin  (ISO)
capsaicin  (ISO)
captan  (EXP)
carbamazepine  (ISO)
carbon disulfide  (EXP)
carbon nanotube  (EXP,ISO)
carboplatin  (ISO)
carglumic acid  (EXP)
carmustine  (ISO)
carvedilol  (ISO)
CCCP  (EXP,ISO)
celastrol  (ISO)
CGS-21680  (ISO)
chloroquine  (EXP,ISO)
chlorpyrifos  (EXP,ISO)
choline  (EXP)
chromium(6+)  (EXP,ISO)
cisplatin  (EXP,ISO)
cobalt dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
colistin  (EXP,ISO)
copper atom  (EXP)
copper(0)  (EXP)
copper(II) sulfate  (EXP)
corosolic acid  (EXP)
Corynoxine B  (ISO)
cucurbitacin E  (ISO)
curcumin  (ISO)
Curcumol  (ISO)
cycloheximide  (ISO)
cyclophosphamide  (EXP,ISO)
cyclosporin A  (ISO)
D-glucose  (EXP,ISO)
dapagliflozin  (ISO)
DDE  (EXP)
deoxynivalenol  (EXP,ISO)
desferrioxamine B  (ISO)
dexamethasone  (ISO)
dextran sulfate  (EXP,ISO)
diarsenic trioxide  (EXP,ISO)
Dibromoacetonitrile  (EXP)
Dibutyl phosphate  (ISO)
dibutyl phthalate  (EXP,ISO)
dideuterium oxide  (ISO)
diethylstilbestrol  (EXP,ISO)
diisononyl phthalate  (ISO)
dioxygen  (EXP,ISO)
diprotium oxide  (EXP)
diquat  (EXP)
disodium selenite  (ISO)
disulfiram  (ISO)
divinyl sulfone  (ISO)
dorsomorphin  (EXP,ISO)
doxorubicin  (EXP,ISO)
elemental selenium  (ISO)
embelin  (ISO)
empagliflozin  (ISO)
enalapril  (ISO)
endosulfan  (ISO)
epoxiconazole  (EXP)
erlotinib hydrochloride  (ISO)
ethanol  (EXP,ISO)
ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid  (ISO)
fenofibrate  (EXP)
ferric ammonium citrate  (ISO)
ferric oxide  (EXP)
ferrostatin-1  (ISO)
fingolimod hydrochloride  (ISO)
fisetin  (EXP)
fluoxetine  (ISO)
flutamide  (ISO)
fluvastatin  (ISO)
folic acid  (EXP)
folpet  (EXP)
FR900359  (ISO)
galactose  (ISO)
galangin  (ISO)
gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane  (ISO)
gefitinib  (ISO)
gingerol  (ISO)
Ginkgoic acid  (ISO)
glucose  (EXP,ISO)
glycerol 2-phosphate  (ISO)
glycochenodeoxycholic acid  (ISO)
glyphosate  (EXP,ISO)
gossypetin  (ISO)
graphene oxide  (EXP,ISO)
graphite  (ISO)
hesperetin  (ISO)
hesperidin  (ISO)
hexadecanoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
HU-308  (EXP)
hydrogen peroxide  (EXP,ISO)
hydroquinone  (ISO)
hydroxamic acid  (ISO)
indometacin  (EXP)
inositol  (ISO)
iohexol  (EXP)
iron atom  (ISO)
iron(0)  (ISO)
kainic acid  (ISO)
ketamine  (EXP)
ketoconazole  (ISO)
L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate  (ISO)
L-leucine  (EXP)
L-methionine  (EXP)
lanthanum trichloride  (ISO)
lead diacetate  (ISO)
lead(0)  (EXP,ISO)
levamisole  (EXP)
linuron  (ISO)
lipopolysaccharide  (EXP,ISO)
luteolin  (ISO)
LY294002  (EXP,ISO)
lycopene  (EXP,ISO)
maneb  (EXP)
manganese(II) chloride  (ISO)
Maprotiline  (ISO)
melatonin  (EXP,ISO)
menadione  (ISO)
metformin  (ISO)
methamidophos  (ISO)
methamphetamine  (EXP,ISO)
methidathion  (EXP)
methotrexate  (ISO)
methylisothiazolinone  (ISO)
methylphenidate  (ISO)
microcystin-LR  (EXP)
mirtazapine  (EXP,ISO)
mitoxantrone  (ISO)
mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (ISO)
morphine  (ISO)
morpholines  (ISO)
Morroniside  (EXP)
N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester  (EXP)
N-acetyl-L-cysteine  (EXP,ISO)
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea  (EXP)
N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium  (ISO)
N-methylnicotinate  (EXP,ISO)
N-nitrosodiethylamine  (ISO)
NADP zwitterion  (ISO)
NADP(+)  (ISO)
nickel atom  (EXP)
nickel dichloride  (EXP)
nicotine  (EXP,ISO)
Nonidet P-40  (ISO)
ochratoxin A  (ISO)
octadecanoic acid  (EXP)
octreotide  (EXP)
oleanolic acid  (ISO)
oligopeptide  (ISO)
omethoate  (ISO)
omipalisib  (ISO)
osthole  (ISO)
ozone  (EXP,ISO)
p-cresol  (ISO)
p-menthan-3-ol  (ISO)
paclitaxel  (ISO)
Paeonol  (ISO)
paracetamol  (EXP,ISO)
paraquat  (EXP,ISO)
patulin  (ISO)
pentachlorophenol  (EXP)
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid  (EXP)
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid  (EXP)
perfluorooctanoic acid  (EXP)
perfluoroundecanoic acid  (ISO)
phenanthrene  (EXP)
phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate  (ISO)
phosphoramide mustard  (ISO)
Plantamajoside  (ISO)
platycodin D  (ISO)
potassium dichromate  (ISO)
potassium iodide  (ISO)
procyanidin B2  (EXP)
promethazine  (ISO)
pterostilbene  (EXP,ISO)
pyruvic acid  (ISO)
quercetin  (EXP,ISO)
rac-lactic acid  (ISO)
raloxifene  (ISO)
reactive oxygen species  (ISO)
Repaglinide  (ISO)
resveratrol  (ISO)
Rhein  (ISO)
rotenone  (EXP,ISO)
rottlerin  (ISO)
salubrinal  (ISO)
Sanggenon C  (ISO)
SB 203580  (ISO)
SCH772984  (ISO)
selenium atom  (ISO)
selenomethionine  (EXP)
sepantronium  (ISO)
silicon dioxide  (EXP,ISO)
Sinomenine  (ISO)
sirolimus  (EXP,ISO)
SKF-96365 hydrochloride  (ISO)
sodium arsenite  (EXP,ISO)
sodium dichromate  (EXP)
sodium fluoride  (EXP,ISO)
sphingosine 1-phosphate  (ISO)
spironolactone  (ISO)
staurosporine  (ISO)
streptozocin  (EXP,ISO)
sulforaphane  (EXP)
sulfur dioxide  (ISO)
sunitinib  (EXP,ISO)
swainsonine  (EXP,ISO)
syringic acid  (ISO)
T-2 toxin  (EXP,ISO)
tadalafil  (EXP)
temozolomide  (ISO)
tetrachloromethane  (EXP,ISO)
tetramethylpyrazine  (EXP)
thalidomide  (ISO)
Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate  (ISO)
Tiron  (ISO)
titanium dioxide  (EXP,ISO)
toosendanin  (ISO)
tributylstannane  (ISO)
trichloroethene  (EXP)
trifloxystrobin  (ISO)
trifluoperazine  (ISO)
triphenyl phosphate  (ISO)
Triptolide  (EXP)
triptonide  (EXP)
tunicamycin  (ISO)
tyloxapol  (EXP)
ursolic acid  (ISO)
valproic acid  (ISO)
venlafaxine hydrochloride  (ISO)
vinclozolin  (ISO)
vismodegib  (ISO)
vitamin D  (ISO)
vitamin E  (ISO)
vorinostat  (ISO)
water  (EXP)
WIN 55212-2  (ISO)
wortmannin  (ISO)
zearalenone  (EXP,ISO)
zinc oxide  (EXP,ISO)
zingerone  (ISO)
zoledronic acid  (ISO)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
amyloid-beta metabolic process  (IMP)
angiogenesis  (TAS)
apoptotic process  (IEA)
autophagosome assembly  (IBA,IMP,ISO)
autophagosome maturation  (ISO)
autophagy  (IDA,ISO)
cell division  (IEA)
cellular response to aluminum ion  (ISO)
cellular response to amino acid starvation  (ISO)
cellular response to copper ion  (ISO)
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus  (ISO)
cellular response to glucose starvation  (IDA)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide  (ISO)
cellular response to nitrogen starvation  (IBA)
cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation  (ISO)
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway  (ISO)
defense response to virus  (IEA)
early endosome to late endosome transport  (ISO)
endocytosis  (IEA)
engulfment of apoptotic cell  (IMP)
JNK cascade  (ISO)
late endosome to vacuole transport  (IBA)
lysosome organization  (IMP)
macroautophagy  (IGI,IMP)
mitophagy  (IBA,IMP,ISO)
mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment  (ISO)
negative regulation of apoptotic process  (IMP,ISO)
negative regulation of autophagosome assembly  (IMP)
negative regulation of autophagy  (IMP)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation  (IDA)
negative regulation of lysosome organization  (ISO)
negative regulation of programmed cell death  (ISO)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process  (IMP)
neuron development  (IMP)
p38MAPK cascade  (ISO)
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process  (ISO)
positive regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore  (ISO)
positive regulation of autophagosome assembly  (ISO)
positive regulation of autophagy  (ISO)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy  (IMP)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway  (ISO)
positive regulation of stress granule assembly  (ISO)
protein targeting to lysosome  (NAS)
protein-containing complex assembly  (ISO)
receptor catabolic process  (ISO)
regulation of autophagy  (ISO)
regulation of catalytic activity  (IMP)
regulation of cytokinesis  (ISO)
regulation of macroautophagy  (ISO)
response to hypoxia  (ISO)
response to iron(II) ion  (ISO)
response to lead ion  (ISO)
response to mitochondrial depolarisation  (ISO)
response to nutrient levels  (ISO)
response to other organism  (IDA)
response to vitamin E  (ISO)
response to xenobiotic stimulus  (ISO)
SMAD protein signal transduction  (ISO)

Molecular Pathway Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
Phenotype Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Mammalian Phenotype
abnormal amnion morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal brain development  (IAGP)
abnormal CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal circulating chemokine level  (IAGP)
abnormal heart development  (IAGP)
abnormal immune system morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal kidney morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal macrophage physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal mammary gland duct morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal ovary morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal primordial ovarian follicle morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal regulatory T cell physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal renal glomerulus morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal spleen morphology  (IAGP)
absent amniotic folds  (IAGP)
amyloid beta deposits  (IAGP)
decreased body weight  (IAGP)
decreased CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell number  (IAGP)
decreased CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number  (IAGP)
decreased circulating HDL cholesterol level  (IEA)
decreased circulating interleukin-10 level  (IAGP)
decreased embryo size  (IAGP)
decreased lean body mass  (IEA)
decreased myocardial infarct size  (IAGP)
decreased primordial ovarian follicle number  (IAGP)
decreased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis  (IAGP)
decreased T cell proliferation  (IAGP)
decreased tumor-free survival time  (IAGP)
embryonic growth arrest  (IAGP)
embryonic lethality between implantation and somite formation, complete penetrance  (IAGP)
embryonic lethality during organogenesis, incomplete penetrance  (IAGP)
enhanced autophagy  (IAGP)
extended life span  (IAGP)
glomerulonephritis  (IAGP)
impaired autophagy  (IAGP)
impaired exercise endurance  (IAGP)
increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level  (IAGP)
increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level  (IAGP)
increased autoantibody level  (IAGP)
increased B cell derived lymphoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased blood urea nitrogen level  (IAGP)
increased circulating bilirubin level  (IEA)
increased circulating creatinine level  (IAGP)
increased circulating interleukin-1 beta level  (IAGP)
increased circulating interleukin-12b level  (IAGP)
increased circulating interleukin-6 level  (IAGP)
increased embryonic tissue cell apoptosis  (IAGP)
increased follicular lymphoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased hepatocellular carcinoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased histiocytic sarcoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased IgG level  (IAGP)
increased leukocyte cell number  (IEA)
increased lung adenocarcinoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased lung adenoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased lung carcinoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased lymphocyte cell number  (IAGP)
increased lymphoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased malignant tumor incidence  (IAGP)
increased mammary gland tumor incidence  (IAGP)
increased monocyte cell number  (IAGP)
increased myocardial infarct size  (IAGP)
increased neutrophil cell number  (IAGP)
increased plasmacytoma incidence  (IAGP)
increased spleen germinal center number  (IAGP)
increased spleen germinal center size  (IAGP)
increased startle reflex  (IEA)
increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus  (IAGP)
increased T cell apoptosis  (IAGP)
increased total body fat amount  (IEA)
increased tumor incidence  (IAGP)
increased urine protein level  (IAGP)
no abnormal phenotype detected  (IAGP)
perinatal lethality  (IAGP)
prenatal lethality, complete penetrance  (IAGP)
preweaning lethality, complete penetrance  (IEA)
small ovary  (IAGP)
References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. Dysregulated Autophagy and Lysosome Function Are Linked to Exosome Production by Micro-RNA 155 in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Babuta M, etal., Hepatology. 2019 Dec;70(6):2123-2141. doi: 10.1002/hep.30766. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
2. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and autophagy in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Belibi F, etal., Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 May;300(5):F1235-43. Epub 2011 Jan 26.
3. High Beclin-1 and ARID1A expression corelates with poor survival and high recurrence in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a histopathological retrospective study. Bi C, etal., BMC Cancer. 2019 Mar 8;19(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-5429-3.
4. Autophagy is upregulated in rats with status epilepticus and partly inhibited by Vitamin E. Cao L, etal., Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Feb 20;379(4):949-53. Epub 2009 Jan 10.
5. Noggin attenuates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and impaired autophagy. Cao Y, etal., Pancreas. 2013 Mar;42(2):301-7. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31825b9f2c.
6. Autophagy is a protective mechanism in normal cartilage, and its aging-related loss is linked with cell death and osteoarthritis. Carames B, etal., Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Mar;62(3):791-801.
7. Trehalose delays the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by enhancing autophagy in motoneurons. Castillo K, etal., Autophagy. 2013 Sep;9(9):1308-20. doi: 10.4161/auto.25188. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
8. Cold ischemia-induced autophagy in rat lung tissue. Chen X, etal., Mol Med Rep. 2015 Apr;11(4):2513-9. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2999. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
9. Propofol prevents autophagic cell death following oxygen and glucose deprivation in PC12 cells and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Cui D, etal., PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035324. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
10. Closed head injury induces upregulation of Beclin 1 at the cortical site of injury. Diskin T, etal., J Neurotrauma. 2005 Jul;22(7):750-62.
11. Ascorbic acid ameliorates seizures and brain damage in rats through inhibiting autophagy. Dong Y, etal., Brain Res. 2013 Oct 16;1535:115-23. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.039. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
12. Neurodegeneration induces upregulation of Beclin 1. Erlich S, etal., Autophagy. 2006 Jan-Mar;2(1):49-51. Epub 2006 Jan 8.
13. Mitochondrial impairment in the five-sixth nephrectomy model of chronic renal failure: proteomic approach. Fedorova LV, etal., BMC Nephrol. 2013 Oct 4;14:209. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-209.
14. Paraplegia increases skeletal muscle autophagy. Fry CS, etal., Muscle Nerve. 2012 Nov;46(5):793-8. doi: 10.1002/mus.23423.
15. Association of FKBP51 with priming of autophagy pathways and mediation of antidepressant treatment response: evidence in cells, mice, and humans. Gassen NC, etal., PLoS Med. 2014 Nov 11;11(11):e1001755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001755. eCollection 2014 Nov.
16. Valproic acid reduces autophagy and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Hao HH, etal., Neurosci Bull. 2013 Aug;29(4):484-92. doi: 10.1007/s12264-013-1355-6. Epub 2013 Jul 13.
17. Oxidative stress stimulates autophagic flux during ischemia/reperfusion. Hariharan N, etal., Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 Jun;14(11):2179-90. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3488. Epub 2011 Jan 27.
18. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass reduces lipid overaccumulation in liver by upregulating hepatic autophagy in obese diabetic rats. He B, etal., Obes Surg. 2015 Jan;25(1):109-18. doi: 10.1007/s11695-014-1342-7.
19. The preventive effect of liraglutide on the lipotoxic liver injury via increasing autophagy. He Y, etal., Ann Hepatol. 2020 Jan - Feb;19(1):44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.06.023. Epub 2019 Sep 24.
20. Acute spinal cord injury in rats should target activated autophagy. Hou H, etal., J Neurosurg Spine. 2014 May;20(5):568-77. doi: 10.3171/2014.1.SPINE13237. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
21. beta-asarone and levodopa co-administration protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced damage in parkinsonian rat mesencephalon by regulating autophagy: down-expression Beclin-1 and light chain 3B and up-expression P62. Huang LP, etal., Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015 Mar;42(3):269-77. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12344.
22. Reduced expression of LC3B-II and Beclin 1 in glioblastoma multiforme indicates a down-regulated autophagic capacity that relates to the progression of astrocytic tumors. Huang X, etal., J Clin Neurosci. 2010 Dec;17(12):1515-9. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
23. Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits autophagy in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jiang T, etal., Pharmacol Res. 2013 May;71:61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
24. Autophagy activation is associated with neuroprotection against apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Jing CH, etal., Neuroscience. 2012 Apr 19.
25. Mitochondria and mitophagy: the yin and yang of cell death control. Kubli DA and Gustafsson AB, Circ Res. 2012 Oct 12;111(9):1208-21. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.265819.
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28. Heat shock protein 72 enhances autophagy as a protective mechanism in lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis in rats. Li S, etal., Am J Pathol. 2011 Dec;179(6):2822-34. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
29. Tougu Xiaotong capsule inhibits the tidemark replication and cartilage degradation of papain-induced osteoarthritis by the regulation of chondrocyte autophagy. Li X, etal., Int J Mol Med. 2013 Jun;31(6):1349-56. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1341. Epub 2013 Apr 9.
30. Protection against fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis by beclin, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein. Liang XH, etal., J Virol 1998 Nov;72(11):8586-96.
31. The Effect of Autophagy on Inflammation Cytokines in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Ling H, etal., Inflammation. 2016 Feb;39(1):347-56. doi: 10.1007/s10753-015-0255-5.
32. Beta-asarone attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced autophagy in rat brains via modulating JNK, p-JNK, Bcl-2 and Beclin 1. Liu L, etal., Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 5;680(1-3):34-40. Epub 2012 Jan 28.
33. Acute hyperglycemia together with hematoma of high-glucose blood exacerbates neurological injury in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Liu RY, etal., Neurosci Bull. 2014 Feb;30(1):90-8. doi: 10.1007/s12264-013-1371-6. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
34. Heat stroke induces autophagy as a protection mechanism against neurodegeneration in the brain. Liu TT, etal., Shock. 2010 Dec;34(6):643-8.
35. Adriamycin-induced autophagic cardiomyocyte death plays a pathogenic role in a rat model of heart failure. Lu L, etal., Int J Cardiol. 2009 May 1;134(1):82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.01.043. Epub 2008 Jul 11.
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37. Epidermal growth factor reduces autophagy in intestinal epithelium and in the rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Maynard AA, etal., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):G614-22. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
38. Autophagy has a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Merenlender-Wagner A, etal., Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;20(1):126-32. doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.174. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
39. Electronic Transfer of Homolog Data MGD and Homologene mouse data transfer
40. MGDs mouse GO annotations MGD data from the GO Consortium
41. MGD IEA MGD IEA
42. Protective effect of Dl-3n-butylphthalide on learning and memory impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia exposure. Min JJ, etal., Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 3;4:5555. doi: 10.1038/srep05555.
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44. Acute phase expression pattern of ZnTs, LC3, and beclin-1 in rat Hippocampus and its regulation by 3-methyladenine following recurrent neonatal seizures. Ni H, etal., Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Oct;143(1):320-31. Epub 2010 Sep 14.
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46. Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. Okazaki Y, etal., Nature. 2002 Dec 5;420(6915):563-73.
47. MiR-30-regulated autophagy mediates angiotensin II-induced myocardial hypertrophy. Pan W, etal., PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53950. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053950. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
48. Activation of autophagy induces retinal ganglion cell death in a chronic hypertensive glaucoma model. Park HY, etal., Cell Death Dis. 2012 Apr 5;3:e290. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2012.26.
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50. The autophagy-related protein beclin 1 shows reduced expression in early Alzheimer disease and regulates amyloid beta accumulation in mice. Pickford F, etal., J Clin Invest. 2008 Jun;118(6):2190-9.
51. KEGG Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import KEGG annotations from KEGG into RGD
52. SMPDB Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import SMPDB annotations from SMPDB into RGD
53. Hyperammonemia-mediated autophagy in skeletal muscle contributes to sarcopenia of cirrhosis. Qiu J, etal., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Oct 15;303(8):E983-93. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2012. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
54. Jinmaitong alleviates the diabetic peripheral neuropathy by inducing autophagy. Qu L, etal., Chin J Integr Med. 2016 Mar;22(3):185-92. doi: 10.1007/s11655-015-2164-8. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
55. Focal cerebral ischemia induces upregulation of Beclin 1 and autophagy-like cell death. Rami A, etal., Neurobiol Dis. 2008 Jan;29(1):132-41. Epub 2007 Aug 23.
56. Mouse MP Annotation Import Pipeline RGD automated import pipeline
57. Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions
58. The decreased expression of Beclin-1 correlates with progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma: the role of deoxycholic acid. Roesly HB, etal., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012 Apr 15;302(8):G864-72. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00340.2011. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
59. Calpain-mediated cleavage of Beclin-1 and autophagy deregulation following retinal ischemic injury in vivo. Russo R, etal., Cell Death Dis. 2011 Apr 14;2:e144.
60. Rapamycin promotes autophagy and reduces neural tissue damage and locomotor impairment after spinal cord injury in mice. Sekiguchi A, etal., J Neurotrauma. 2012 Mar 20;29(5):946-56. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
61. Hepatic interferon regulatory factor 8 expression mediates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Shi G, etal., Biochem Pharmacol. 2021 Oct;192:114728. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114728. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
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63. MiR-451 is decreased in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and regulates autophagy by targeting TSC1. Song L, etal., J Cell Mol Med. 2014 Nov;18(11):2266-74. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12380. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
64. Beclin 1 gene transfer activates autophagy and ameliorates the neurodegenerative pathology in alpha-synuclein models of Parkinson's and Lewy body diseases. Spencer B, etal., J Neurosci. 2009 Oct 28;29(43):13578-88.
65. The effects of BMSCs transplantation on autophagy by CX43 in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury in rats. Sun L, etal., Neurol Sci. 2014 May;35(5):677-82. doi: 10.1007/s10072-013-1575-6. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
66. LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy. Tanida I, etal., Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;36(12):2503-18.
67. Urocortin inhibits Beclin1-mediated autophagic cell death in cardiac myocytes exposed to ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Valentim L, etal., J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2006 Jun;40(6):846-52. Epub 2006 May 12.
68. Aliskiren ameliorates pressure overload-induced heart hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. Weng LQ, etal., Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2014 Aug;35(8):1005-14. doi: 10.1038/aps.2014.45. Epub 2014 Jul 7.
69. Autophagy in the heart and liver during normal aging and calorie restriction. Wohlgemuth SE, etal., Rejuvenation Res. 2007 Sep;10(3):281-92.
70. Role of autophagy and apoptosis in wound tissue of deep second-degree burn in rats. Xiao M, etal., Acad Emerg Med. 2014 Apr;21(4):383-91. doi: 10.1111/acem.12352.
71. Beclin 1 knockdown inhibits autophagic activation and prevents the secondary neurodegenerative damage in the ipsilateral thalamus following focal cerebral infarction. Xing S, etal., Autophagy. 2012 Jan;8(1):63-76. doi: 10.4161/auto.8.1.18217. Epub 2012 Jan 1.
72. Autophagy and apoptosis in tubular cells following unilateral ureteral obstruction are associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress. Xu Y, etal., Int J Mol Med. 2013 Mar;31(3):628-36. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1232. Epub 2013 Jan 8.
73. Activin A/Smads signaling pathway negatively regulates Oxygen Glucose Deprivation-induced autophagy via suppression of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in neuronal PC12 cells. Xue LX, etal., Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Nov 18;480(3):355-361. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.050. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
74. Enhanced autophagy plays a cardinal role in mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats: ameliorating effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Yan J, etal., J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Jul;23(7):716-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.014. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
75. MTORC1 coordinates the autophagy and apoptosis signaling in articular chondrocytes in osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint. Yang H, etal., Autophagy. 2020 Feb;16(2):271-288. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1606647. Epub 2019 Apr 21.
76. Autophagy regulation by the nuclear factor kappaB signal axis in acute pancreatitis. Yang S, etal., Pancreas. 2012 Apr;41(3):367-73.
77. Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation. Yang Z and Klionsky DJ, Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2010 Apr;22(2):124-31. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
78. Beclin 1 knockdown retards re-endothelialization and exacerbates neointimal formation via a crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Ye LX, etal., Atherosclerosis. 2014 Nov;237(1):146-54. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.052. Epub 2014 Sep 6.
79. Increased macroautophagy in the pathological process of intervertebral disc degeneration in rats. Ye W, etal., Connect Tissue Res. 2013;54(1):22-8. doi: 10.3109/03008207.2012.715702. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
80. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting axonal growth and anti-autophagy. Yin F, etal., Neural Regen Res. 2014 Sep 15;9(18):1665-71. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.141801.
81. Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Yue Z, etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003 Dec 9;100(25):15077-82. Epub 2003 Dec 1.
82. Expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 in the spinal dorsal horn following spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain. Zhang E, etal., Brain Res. 2013 Jun 26;1519:31-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.055. Epub 2013 May 8.
83. Myocardial autophagy variation during acute myocardial infarction in rats: the effects of carvedilol. Zhang JL, etal., Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 Oct 5;122(19):2372-9.
84. Enhancement of chondrocyte autophagy is an early response in the degenerative cartilage of the temporomandibular joint to biomechanical dental stimulation. Zhang M, etal., Apoptosis. 2013 Apr;18(4):423-34. doi: 10.1007/s10495-013-0811-0.
85. [The study on the beclin1 expression and change in diabetic rats]. Zhang MP, etal., Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2011 Jul;42(4):508-10, 522.
86. Autophagy is activated and might protect neurons from degeneration after traumatic brain injury. Zhang YB, etal., Neurosci Bull. 2008 Jun;24(3):143-9.
87. RNA interference-mediated downregulation of Beclin1 attenuates cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Zheng YQ, etal., Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2009 Jul;30(7):919-27.
88. Autophagy is increased in postmortem brains of persons with HIV-1-associated encephalitis. Zhou D, etal., J Infect Dis. 2011 Jun 1;203(11):1647-57.
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Genomics

Comparative Map Data
Becn1
(Mus musculus - house mouse)
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm3911101,179,084 - 101,193,112 (-)NCBIGRCm39GRCm39mm39
GRCm39 Ensembl11101,176,778 - 101,193,112 (-)EnsemblGRCm39 Ensembl
GRCm3811101,288,258 - 101,302,286 (-)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl11101,285,952 - 101,302,286 (-)EnsemblGRCm38mm10GRCm38
MGSCv3711101,149,581 - 101,163,581 (-)NCBIGRCm37MGSCv37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv3611102,067,439 - 102,081,397 (-)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
MGSCv3611101,104,357 - 101,118,357 (-)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
Cytogenetic Map11DNCBI
cM Map1164.58NCBI
BECN1
(Homo sapiens - human)
Human AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCh381742,810,132 - 42,824,282 (-)NCBIGRCh38GRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh38.p14 Ensembl1742,810,134 - 42,833,350 (-)EnsemblGRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh371740,962,150 - 40,976,300 (-)NCBIGRCh37GRCh37hg19GRCh37
Build 361738,215,678 - 38,229,807 (-)NCBINCBI36Build 36hg18NCBI36
Build 341738,215,677 - 38,229,807NCBI
Celera1737,618,135 - 37,632,364 (-)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map17q21.31NCBI
HuRef1736,726,539 - 36,740,774 (-)NCBIHuRef
CHM1_11741,197,767 - 41,211,922 (-)NCBICHM1_1
T2T-CHM13v2.01743,667,271 - 43,682,705 (-)NCBIT2T-CHM13v2.0
Becn1
(Rattus norvegicus - Norway rat)
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr81086,731,649 - 86,747,002 (-)NCBIGRCr8
mRatBN7.21086,231,387 - 86,246,742 (-)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl1086,231,388 - 86,246,742 (-)EnsemblmRatBN7.2 Ensembl
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx1091,269,132 - 91,284,493 (-)NCBIRnor_SHRUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.01090,743,662 - 90,759,021 (-)NCBIRnor_SHRSPUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.01086,136,830 - 86,152,190 (-)NCBIRnor_WKYUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.01089,209,944 - 89,225,297 (-)NCBIRnor6.0