BECN1 (beclin 1) - Rat Genome Database

Send us a Message



Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   
Gene: BECN1 (beclin 1) Homo sapiens
Analyze
Symbol: BECN1
Name: beclin 1
RGD ID: 733440
HGNC Page HGNC:1034
Description: Enables enzyme binding activity; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding activity; and protein-macromolecule adaptor activity. Involved in several processes, including macroautophagy; regulation of autophagy; and regulation of cell cycle process. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of programmed cell death. Located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane; nuclear body; and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III. Implicated in Machado-Joseph disease. Biomarker of several diseases, including Barrett's esophagus; adenocarcinoma (multiple); neurodegenerative disease (multiple); perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis; and viral encephalitis.
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: REVIEWED
Previously known as: ATG6; ATG6 autophagy related 6 homolog; beclin 1 (coiled-coil, moesin-like BCL2 interacting protein); beclin 1 (coiled-coil, moesin-like BCL2-interacting protein); beclin 1 (coiled-coil, myosin-like bcl2-interacting protein); beclin 1, autophagy related; beclin-1; beclin1; beclin1-beta; beclin1-gamma; coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein; testis secretory sperm-binding protein Li 215e; VPS30
RGD Orthologs
Mouse
Rat
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Alliance Orthologs
More Info more info ...
Related Pseudogenes: BECN1P2  
Allele / Splice: See ClinVar data
Latest Assembly: GRCh38 - Human Genome Assembly GRCh38
Position:
Human AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCh381742,810,132 - 42,824,282 (-)NCBIGRCh38GRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh38.p14 Ensembl1742,810,134 - 42,833,350 (-)EnsemblGRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh371740,962,150 - 40,976,300 (-)NCBIGRCh37GRCh37hg19GRCh37
Build 361738,215,678 - 38,229,807 (-)NCBINCBI36Build 36hg18NCBI36
Build 341738,215,677 - 38,229,807NCBI
Celera1737,618,135 - 37,632,364 (-)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map17q21.31NCBI
HuRef1736,726,539 - 36,740,774 (-)NCBIHuRef
CHM1_11741,197,767 - 41,211,922 (-)NCBICHM1_1
T2T-CHM13v2.01743,667,271 - 43,682,705 (-)NCBIT2T-CHM13v2.0
JBrowse: View Region in Genome Browser (JBrowse)
Model


Disease Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
Acute Experimental Pancreatitis  (ISO)
acute necrotizing pancreatitis  (ISO)
alcoholic cardiomyopathy  (ISO)
alcoholic hepatitis  (ISO)
Alcoholic Liver Diseases  (ISO)
Alzheimer's disease  (IEP,ISO)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  (ISO)
anterior ischemic optic neuropathy  (ISO)
Barrett's esophagus  (IEP,ISO)
Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia  (ISO)
brain infarction  (ISO)
Brain Injuries  (EXP,ISO)
brain ischemia  (ISO)
breast cancer  (IEP)
Burns  (ISO)
Cardiomegaly  (ISO)
Cerebral Hemorrhage  (ISO)
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia  (ISO)
Closed Head Injuries  (ISO)
Colonic Neoplasms  (EXP)
congestive heart failure  (ISO)
degenerative disc disease  (ISO)
depressive disorder  (IEP,ISO)
Diabetic Nephropathies  (ISO)
diabetic neuropathy  (ISO)
end stage renal disease  (ISO)
epilepsy  (ISO)
esophagus adenocarcinoma  (IEP)
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus  (ISO)
Experimental Seizures  (ISO)
glaucoma  (ISO)
glioblastoma  (IEP)
Heat Stroke  (ISO)
Hyperalgesia  (ISO)
hypertension  (ISO)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy  (IEP)
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  (IEP)
ischemia  (ISO)
Kidney Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
Lewy body dementia  (EXP)
liver cirrhosis  (IEP)
Liver Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
Lung Neoplasms  (EXP)
Machado-Joseph disease  (IEP,IMP,ISO)
middle cerebral artery infarction  (ISO)
myocardial infarction  (EXP,ISO)
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
Neointima  (ISO)
Nerve Degeneration  (ISO)
non-alcoholic fatty liver  (ISO)
osteoarthritis  (IEP,ISO)
Osteoarthritis, Experimental  (ISO)
paraplegia  (ISO)
Parkinsonism  (ISO)
perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis  (IEP)
peritonitis  (ISO)
polycystic kidney disease  (ISO)
Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
schizophrenia  (ISO)
Spinal Cord Injuries  (EXP,ISO)
Spinal Cord Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
status epilepticus  (EXP,ISO)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage  (ISO)
systemic lupus erythematosus  (ISS)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders  (ISO)
Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis  (ISO)
transient cerebral ischemia  (ISO)
type 2 diabetes mellitus  (ISO)
ureteral obstruction  (ISO)
viral encephalitis  (IEP)

Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(+)-pilocarpine  (ISO)
(+)-taxifolin  (ISO)
(+)-Tetrandrine  (EXP)
(-)-alpha-phellandrene  (EXP)
(-)-anisomycin  (ISO)
(-)-citrinin  (ISO)
(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate  (EXP,ISO)
(1->4)-beta-D-glucan  (ISO)
(20S)-ginsenoside Rg3  (EXP,ISO)
(S)-nicotine  (EXP,ISO)
(S)-ropivacaine  (EXP)
1,2-dimethylhydrazine  (ISO)
1,4-benzoquinone  (EXP)
17alpha-ethynylestradiol  (ISO)
17beta-estradiol  (EXP)
2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl  (EXP,ISO)
2,2-(2-Chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene  (ISO)
2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl  (ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (ISO)
2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid  (ISO)
2,4-D  (ISO)
2,6-dinitrotoluene  (ISO)
2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one  (EXP)
2-deoxy-D-glucose  (EXP)
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate  (EXP)
2-hydroxypropanoic acid  (EXP)
3-hydroxybutyric acid  (EXP)
3-methyladenine  (EXP,ISO)
3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione  (ISO)
4'-epidoxorubicin  (EXP,ISO)
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane  (ISO)
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol  (ISO)
4-nonylphenol  (ISO)
4-phenylbutyric acid  (EXP,ISO)
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine  (EXP)
5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol  (EXP)
5-fluorouracil  (EXP,ISO)
5-methoxypsoralen  (ISO)
7,12-dimethyltetraphene  (ISO)
abamectin  (ISO)
ABT-737  (EXP)
acadesine  (ISO)
acrylamide  (ISO)
acrylonitrile  (ISO)
actinomycin D  (ISO)
Aescin  (EXP,ISO)
aflatoxin B1  (EXP,ISO)
AICA ribonucleotide  (EXP,ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucose  (ISO)
alginic acid  (ISO)
Alisol B  (EXP)
all-trans-retinoic acid  (EXP)
alogliptin  (ISO)
alpha,alpha-trehalose  (ISO)
alpha-amanitin  (EXP,ISO)
alpha-D-galactose  (ISO)
alpha-phellandrene  (EXP)
Alpinetin  (EXP,ISO)
ammonium chloride  (ISO)
amsacrine  (EXP)
Anemoside B4  (ISO)
anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one  (EXP,ISO)
antirheumatic drug  (EXP)
apigenin  (ISO)
apocynin  (ISO)
aristolochic acid A  (EXP,ISO)
arsane  (EXP,ISO)
arsenic atom  (EXP,ISO)
arsenite(3-)  (EXP,ISO)
arsenous acid  (EXP,ISO)
asperuloside  (ISO)
astaxanthin  (EXP)
atorvastatin calcium  (ISO)
atrazine  (EXP,ISO)
azinphos-methyl  (EXP)
bafilomycin A1  (EXP,ISO)
baicalein  (ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene  (EXP,ISO)
berberine  (ISO)
beta-lapachone  (EXP)
beta-thujaplicin  (ISO)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (EXP,ISO)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
Bisphenol B  (EXP)
bisphenol F  (ISO)
bortezomib  (EXP)
brazilin  (EXP)
buprofezin  (EXP)
butyric acid  (EXP)
cadmium atom  (ISO)
cadmium dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
caffeine  (EXP,ISO)
calciol  (EXP)
calcipotriol  (EXP)
calcitriol  (EXP,ISO)
camptothecin  (EXP)
candesartan  (ISO)
cannabidiol  (EXP,ISO)
Cannabidivarin  (ISO)
cantharidin  (EXP,ISO)
capsaicin  (ISO)
captan  (ISO)
carbamazepine  (ISO)
carbon disulfide  (ISO)
carbon nanotube  (EXP,ISO)
carboplatin  (EXP)
carglumic acid  (ISO)
carmustine  (EXP)
carvedilol  (ISO)
CCCP  (EXP,ISO)
celastrol  (ISO)
CGS-21680  (EXP)
chloroquine  (EXP,ISO)
chlorpyrifos  (ISO)
choline  (ISO)
chromium(6+)  (ISO)
cisplatin  (EXP,ISO)
cobalt dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
colistin  (EXP,ISO)
copper atom  (ISO)
copper(0)  (ISO)
copper(II) sulfate  (ISO)
corosolic acid  (ISO)
Corynoxine B  (EXP)
cucurbitacin E  (EXP)
curcumin  (EXP)
Curcumol  (ISO)
cycloheximide  (EXP)
cyclophosphamide  (EXP,ISO)
cyclosporin A  (EXP)
D-glucose  (ISO)
dapagliflozin  (ISO)
DDE  (ISO)
deoxynivalenol  (EXP,ISO)
desferrioxamine B  (EXP)
dexamethasone  (EXP)
dextran sulfate  (EXP,ISO)
diarsenic trioxide  (EXP,ISO)
Dibromoacetonitrile  (ISO)
Dibutyl phosphate  (EXP)
dibutyl phthalate  (ISO)
dideuterium oxide  (EXP)
diethylstilbestrol  (ISO)
diisononyl phthalate  (EXP)
dioxygen  (ISO)
diprotium oxide  (ISO)
diquat  (ISO)
disodium selenite  (EXP)
disulfiram  (EXP)
divinyl sulfone  (EXP)
dorsomorphin  (EXP,ISO)
doxorubicin  (EXP,ISO)
elemental selenium  (ISO)
embelin  (EXP)
empagliflozin  (ISO)
enalapril  (ISO)
endosulfan  (ISO)
epoxiconazole  (ISO)
erlotinib hydrochloride  (EXP)
ethanol  (EXP,ISO)
ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid  (EXP)
fenofibrate  (ISO)
ferric ammonium citrate  (EXP)
ferric oxide  (ISO)
ferrostatin-1  (ISO)
fingolimod hydrochloride  (EXP)
fisetin  (ISO)
fluoxetine  (EXP)
flutamide  (ISO)
fluvastatin  (ISO)
folic acid  (ISO)
folpet  (ISO)
FR900359  (EXP)
galactose  (ISO)
galangin  (EXP)
gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane  (ISO)
gefitinib  (EXP)
gingerol  (EXP)
Ginkgoic acid  (EXP)
glucose  (ISO)
glycerol 2-phosphate  (EXP)
glycochenodeoxycholic acid  (EXP)
glyphosate  (ISO)
gossypetin  (EXP)
graphene oxide  (EXP,ISO)
graphite  (EXP)
hesperetin  (ISO)
hesperidin  (ISO)
hexadecanoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
HU-308  (ISO)
hydrogen peroxide  (EXP,ISO)
hydroquinone  (EXP)
hydroxamic acid  (ISO)
indometacin  (ISO)
inositol  (ISO)
iohexol  (ISO)
iron atom  (EXP)
iron(0)  (EXP)
kainic acid  (ISO)
ketamine  (ISO)
ketoconazole  (ISO)
L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate  (EXP)
L-leucine  (ISO)
L-methionine  (ISO)
lanthanum trichloride  (ISO)
lead diacetate  (ISO)
lead(0)  (ISO)
levamisole  (ISO)
linuron  (ISO)
lipopolysaccharide  (ISO)
luteolin  (EXP,ISO)
LY294002  (EXP,ISO)
lycopene  (ISO)
maneb  (ISO)
manganese(II) chloride  (EXP,ISO)
Maprotiline  (EXP)
melatonin  (EXP,ISO)
menadione  (EXP)
metformin  (EXP)
methamidophos  (EXP)
methamphetamine  (EXP,ISO)
methidathion  (ISO)
methotrexate  (EXP)
methylisothiazolinone  (EXP)
methylphenidate  (ISO)
microcystin-LR  (ISO)
mirtazapine  (ISO)
mitoxantrone  (EXP)
mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (EXP)
morphine  (EXP)
morpholines  (EXP)
Morroniside  (ISO)
N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester  (ISO)
N-acetyl-L-cysteine  (EXP,ISO)
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea  (ISO)
N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium  (EXP)
N-methylnicotinate  (EXP,ISO)
N-nitrosodiethylamine  (ISO)
NADP zwitterion  (ISO)
NADP(+)  (ISO)
nickel atom  (ISO)
nickel dichloride  (ISO)
nicotine  (EXP,ISO)
Nonidet P-40  (EXP)
ochratoxin A  (EXP)
octadecanoic acid  (ISO)
octreotide  (ISO)
oleanolic acid  (EXP)
oligopeptide  (EXP)
omethoate  (EXP)
omipalisib  (EXP)
osthole  (ISO)
ozone  (ISO)
p-cresol  (EXP,ISO)
p-menthan-3-ol  (EXP)
paclitaxel  (EXP)
Paeonol  (ISO)
paracetamol  (EXP,ISO)
paraquat  (EXP,ISO)
patulin  (EXP)
pentachlorophenol  (ISO)
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid  (ISO)
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid  (ISO)
perfluorooctanoic acid  (ISO)
perfluoroundecanoic acid  (ISO)
phenanthrene  (ISO)
phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate  (EXP)
phosphoramide mustard  (ISO)
Plantamajoside  (EXP)
platycodin D  (EXP)
potassium dichromate  (ISO)
potassium iodide  (EXP)
procyanidin B2  (ISO)
promethazine  (EXP)
pterostilbene  (EXP,ISO)
pyruvic acid  (ISO)
quercetin  (EXP,ISO)
rac-lactic acid  (EXP)
raloxifene  (EXP)
reactive oxygen species  (EXP)
Repaglinide  (ISO)
resveratrol  (EXP,ISO)
Rhein  (EXP)
rotenone  (EXP,ISO)
rottlerin  (EXP)
salubrinal  (EXP)
Sanggenon C  (ISO)
SB 203580  (EXP,ISO)
SCH772984  (EXP)
selenium atom  (ISO)
selenomethionine  (ISO)
sepantronium  (EXP)
silicon dioxide  (EXP,ISO)
Sinomenine  (EXP)
sirolimus  (EXP,ISO)
SKF-96365 hydrochloride  (ISO)
sodium arsenite  (EXP,ISO)
sodium dichromate  (ISO)
sodium fluoride  (ISO)
sphingosine 1-phosphate  (ISO)
spironolactone  (ISO)
staurosporine  (EXP)
streptozocin  (ISO)
sulforaphane  (ISO)
sulfur dioxide  (ISO)
sunitinib  (ISO)
swainsonine  (ISO)
syringic acid  (EXP)
T-2 toxin  (ISO)
tadalafil  (ISO)
temozolomide  (EXP)
tetrachloromethane  (ISO)
tetramethylpyrazine  (ISO)
thalidomide  (EXP)
Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate  (EXP)
Tiron  (EXP)
titanium dioxide  (EXP,ISO)
toosendanin  (EXP)
tributylstannane  (ISO)
trichloroethene  (ISO)
trifloxystrobin  (EXP)
trifluoperazine  (EXP)
triphenyl phosphate  (EXP)
Triptolide  (ISO)
triptonide  (ISO)
tunicamycin  (ISO)
tyloxapol  (ISO)
ursolic acid  (EXP)
valproic acid  (EXP)
venlafaxine hydrochloride  (ISO)
vinclozolin  (ISO)
vismodegib  (EXP)
vitamin D  (EXP)
vitamin E  (ISO)
vorinostat  (EXP)
water  (ISO)
WIN 55212-2  (EXP)
wortmannin  (EXP,ISO)
zearalenone  (ISO)
zinc oxide  (ISO)
zingerone  (ISO)
zoledronic acid  (EXP)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
amyloid-beta metabolic process  (IEA,ISO)
apoptotic process  (IEA)
autophagosome assembly  (IBA,IDA,IEA,ISO,ISS)
autophagosome maturation  (IDA)
autophagy  (IDA,IEA,IMP,ISO)
cell division  (IEA)
cellular defense response  (TAS)
cellular response to aluminum ion  (IEA,ISO)
cellular response to amino acid starvation  (IEA,ISO)
cellular response to copper ion  (IEA,ISO)
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus  (IEA,ISO)
cellular response to glucose starvation  (IEA,ISS)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide  (IEA,ISO)
cellular response to nitrogen starvation  (IBA)
cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation  (IEA,ISO)
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway  (IDA)
defense response to virus  (IEA)
early endosome to late endosome transport  (IDA,IEA,IMP)
endocytosis  (IEA)
engulfment of apoptotic cell  (IEA)
JNK cascade  (IEA,ISO)
late endosome to vacuole transport  (IBA)
lysosome organization  (IEA,ISO)
macroautophagy  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
mitophagy  (IBA,IEA,IMP)
mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment  (IMP)
negative regulation of apoptotic process  (IEA,ISO,TAS)
negative regulation of autophagosome assembly  (IEA,ISO)
negative regulation of autophagy  (IEA,ISO)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation  (IEA,ISO)
negative regulation of lysosome organization  (IEA,ISO)
negative regulation of programmed cell death  (IMP)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process  (IEA)
neuron development  (IEA,ISO)
p38MAPK cascade  (IEA,ISO)
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process  (IDA)
positive regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore  (IMP)
positive regulation of autophagosome assembly  (IEA,ISO)
positive regulation of autophagy  (IDA,IEA,ISO)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy  (IEA,ISO)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway  (IEA,IMP,ISS)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction  (NAS)
positive regulation of stress granule assembly  (IEA,ISO)
protein targeting to lysosome  (NAS)
protein-containing complex assembly  (IDA)
receptor catabolic process  (IMP)
regulation of autophagy  (IDA)
regulation of catalytic activity  (ISO)
regulation of cytokinesis  (IMP)
regulation of macroautophagy  (IDA)
response to hypoxia  (IEA,ISO)
response to iron(II) ion  (IEA,ISO)
response to lead ion  (IEA,ISO)
response to mitochondrial depolarisation  (IMP)
response to nutrient levels  (IEA,ISO)
response to other organism  (IEA,ISO)
response to vitamin E  (IEA,ISO)
response to xenobiotic stimulus  (IEA,ISO)
SMAD protein signal transduction  (IEA,ISO)

Molecular Function

Molecular Pathway Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. Dysregulated Autophagy and Lysosome Function Are Linked to Exosome Production by Micro-RNA 155 in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Babuta M, etal., Hepatology. 2019 Dec;70(6):2123-2141. doi: 10.1002/hep.30766. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
2. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and autophagy in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Belibi F, etal., Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 May;300(5):F1235-43. Epub 2011 Jan 26.
3. High Beclin-1 and ARID1A expression corelates with poor survival and high recurrence in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a histopathological retrospective study. Bi C, etal., BMC Cancer. 2019 Mar 8;19(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-5429-3.
4. Autophagy is upregulated in rats with status epilepticus and partly inhibited by Vitamin E. Cao L, etal., Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Feb 20;379(4):949-53. Epub 2009 Jan 10.
5. Noggin attenuates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and impaired autophagy. Cao Y, etal., Pancreas. 2013 Mar;42(2):301-7. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31825b9f2c.
6. Autophagy is a protective mechanism in normal cartilage, and its aging-related loss is linked with cell death and osteoarthritis. Carames B, etal., Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Mar;62(3):791-801.
7. Trehalose delays the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by enhancing autophagy in motoneurons. Castillo K, etal., Autophagy. 2013 Sep;9(9):1308-20. doi: 10.4161/auto.25188. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
8. Cold ischemia-induced autophagy in rat lung tissue. Chen X, etal., Mol Med Rep. 2015 Apr;11(4):2513-9. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2999. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
9. Propofol prevents autophagic cell death following oxygen and glucose deprivation in PC12 cells and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Cui D, etal., PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035324. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
10. Closed head injury induces upregulation of Beclin 1 at the cortical site of injury. Diskin T, etal., J Neurotrauma. 2005 Jul;22(7):750-62.
11. Ascorbic acid ameliorates seizures and brain damage in rats through inhibiting autophagy. Dong Y, etal., Brain Res. 2013 Oct 16;1535:115-23. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.039. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
12. Neurodegeneration induces upregulation of Beclin 1. Erlich S, etal., Autophagy. 2006 Jan-Mar;2(1):49-51. Epub 2006 Jan 8.
13. Mitochondrial impairment in the five-sixth nephrectomy model of chronic renal failure: proteomic approach. Fedorova LV, etal., BMC Nephrol. 2013 Oct 4;14:209. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-209.
14. Paraplegia increases skeletal muscle autophagy. Fry CS, etal., Muscle Nerve. 2012 Nov;46(5):793-8. doi: 10.1002/mus.23423.
15. Association of FKBP51 with priming of autophagy pathways and mediation of antidepressant treatment response: evidence in cells, mice, and humans. Gassen NC, etal., PLoS Med. 2014 Nov 11;11(11):e1001755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001755. eCollection 2014 Nov.
16. GOAs Human GO annotations GOA_HUMAN data from the GO Consortium
17. Valproic acid reduces autophagy and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Hao HH, etal., Neurosci Bull. 2013 Aug;29(4):484-92. doi: 10.1007/s12264-013-1355-6. Epub 2013 Jul 13.
18. Oxidative stress stimulates autophagic flux during ischemia/reperfusion. Hariharan N, etal., Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 Jun;14(11):2179-90. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3488. Epub 2011 Jan 27.
19. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass reduces lipid overaccumulation in liver by upregulating hepatic autophagy in obese diabetic rats. He B, etal., Obes Surg. 2015 Jan;25(1):109-18. doi: 10.1007/s11695-014-1342-7.
20. The preventive effect of liraglutide on the lipotoxic liver injury via increasing autophagy. He Y, etal., Ann Hepatol. 2020 Jan - Feb;19(1):44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.06.023. Epub 2019 Sep 24.
21. Acute spinal cord injury in rats should target activated autophagy. Hou H, etal., J Neurosurg Spine. 2014 May;20(5):568-77. doi: 10.3171/2014.1.SPINE13237. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
22. beta-asarone and levodopa co-administration protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced damage in parkinsonian rat mesencephalon by regulating autophagy: down-expression Beclin-1 and light chain 3B and up-expression P62. Huang LP, etal., Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015 Mar;42(3):269-77. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12344.
23. Reduced expression of LC3B-II and Beclin 1 in glioblastoma multiforme indicates a down-regulated autophagic capacity that relates to the progression of astrocytic tumors. Huang X, etal., J Clin Neurosci. 2010 Dec;17(12):1515-9. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
24. Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits autophagy in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jiang T, etal., Pharmacol Res. 2013 May;71:61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
25. Autophagy activation is associated with neuroprotection against apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Jing CH, etal., Neuroscience. 2012 Apr 19.
26. Mitochondria and mitophagy: the yin and yang of cell death control. Kubli DA and Gustafsson AB, Circ Res. 2012 Oct 12;111(9):1208-21. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.265819.
27. Transmembrane protein 166 regulates autophagic and apoptotic activities following focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Li L, etal., Exp Neurol. 2012 Mar;234(1):181-90. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
28. [Changes in expression of autophagy-related proteins, Beclin-1 and LC3, and effects of rapamycin on their expression in hypoxic-ischemic hippocampus]. Li RH, etal., Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2015 Apr;17(4):400-4.
29. Heat shock protein 72 enhances autophagy as a protective mechanism in lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis in rats. Li S, etal., Am J Pathol. 2011 Dec;179(6):2822-34. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
30. Tougu Xiaotong capsule inhibits the tidemark replication and cartilage degradation of papain-induced osteoarthritis by the regulation of chondrocyte autophagy. Li X, etal., Int J Mol Med. 2013 Jun;31(6):1349-56. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1341. Epub 2013 Apr 9.
31. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates myocardial fibrosis in mice with alcoholic cardiomyopathy by downregulating autophagy. Liang B, etal., Int J Mol Med. 2017 Dec;40(6):1781-1791. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3191. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
32. Protection against fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis by beclin, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein. Liang XH, etal., J Virol 1998 Nov;72(11):8586-96.
33. The Effect of Autophagy on Inflammation Cytokines in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Ling H, etal., Inflammation. 2016 Feb;39(1):347-56. doi: 10.1007/s10753-015-0255-5.
34. Beta-asarone attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced autophagy in rat brains via modulating JNK, p-JNK, Bcl-2 and Beclin 1. Liu L, etal., Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 5;680(1-3):34-40. Epub 2012 Jan 28.
35. Acute hyperglycemia together with hematoma of high-glucose blood exacerbates neurological injury in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Liu RY, etal., Neurosci Bull. 2014 Feb;30(1):90-8. doi: 10.1007/s12264-013-1371-6. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
36. Heat stroke induces autophagy as a protection mechanism against neurodegeneration in the brain. Liu TT, etal., Shock. 2010 Dec;34(6):643-8.
37. Adriamycin-induced autophagic cardiomyocyte death plays a pathogenic role in a rat model of heart failure. Lu L, etal., Int J Cardiol. 2009 May 1;134(1):82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.01.043. Epub 2008 Jul 11.
38. Expression of CDK13 Was Associated with Prognosis and Expression of HIF-1α and beclin1 in Breast Cancer Patients. Lu XL, etal., J Invest Surg. 2022 Feb;35(2):442-447. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1852344. Epub 2020 Dec 8.
39. Epidermal growth factor reduces autophagy in intestinal epithelium and in the rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Maynard AA, etal., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):G614-22. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
40. Autophagy has a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Merenlender-Wagner A, etal., Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;20(1):126-32. doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.174. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
41. Protective effect of Dl-3n-butylphthalide on learning and memory impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia exposure. Min JJ, etal., Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 3;4:5555. doi: 10.1038/srep05555.
42. Overexpression of the autophagic beclin-1 protein clears mutant ataxin-3 and alleviates Machado-Joseph disease. Nascimento-Ferreira I, etal., Brain. 2011 May;134(Pt 5):1400-15. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
43. Acute phase expression pattern of ZnTs, LC3, and beclin-1 in rat Hippocampus and its regulation by 3-methyladenine following recurrent neonatal seizures. Ni H, etal., Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Oct;143(1):320-31. Epub 2010 Sep 14.
44. Propofol protects the autophagic cell death induced by the ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Noh HS, etal., Mol Cells. 2010 Nov;30(5):455-60. doi: 10.1007/s10059-010-0130-z. Epub 2010 Sep 2.
45. MiR-30-regulated autophagy mediates angiotensin II-induced myocardial hypertrophy. Pan W, etal., PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53950. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053950. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
46. Activation of autophagy induces retinal ganglion cell death in a chronic hypertensive glaucoma model. Park HY, etal., Cell Death Dis. 2012 Apr 5;3:e290. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2012.26.
47. Autophagy, and BiP level decrease are early key events in retrograde degeneration of motoneurons. Penas C, etal., Cell Death Differ. 2011 Oct;18(10):1617-27. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2011.24. Epub 2011 Mar 25.
48. The autophagy-related protein beclin 1 shows reduced expression in early Alzheimer disease and regulates amyloid beta accumulation in mice. Pickford F, etal., J Clin Invest. 2008 Jun;118(6):2190-9.
49. KEGG Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import KEGG annotations from KEGG into RGD
50. SMPDB Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import SMPDB annotations from SMPDB into RGD
51. Hyperammonemia-mediated autophagy in skeletal muscle contributes to sarcopenia of cirrhosis. Qiu J, etal., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Oct 15;303(8):E983-93. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2012. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
52. Jinmaitong alleviates the diabetic peripheral neuropathy by inducing autophagy. Qu L, etal., Chin J Integr Med. 2016 Mar;22(3):185-92. doi: 10.1007/s11655-015-2164-8. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
53. Focal cerebral ischemia induces upregulation of Beclin 1 and autophagy-like cell death. Rami A, etal., Neurobiol Dis. 2008 Jan;29(1):132-41. Epub 2007 Aug 23.
54. Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions
55. The decreased expression of Beclin-1 correlates with progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma: the role of deoxycholic acid. Roesly HB, etal., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012 Apr 15;302(8):G864-72. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00340.2011. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
56. Calpain-mediated cleavage of Beclin-1 and autophagy deregulation following retinal ischemic injury in vivo. Russo R, etal., Cell Death Dis. 2011 Apr 14;2:e144.
57. Rapamycin promotes autophagy and reduces neural tissue damage and locomotor impairment after spinal cord injury in mice. Sekiguchi A, etal., J Neurotrauma. 2012 Mar 20;29(5):946-56. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
58. Hepatic interferon regulatory factor 8 expression mediates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Shi G, etal., Biochem Pharmacol. 2021 Oct;192:114728. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114728. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
59. Excessive autophagy contributes to neuron death in cerebral ischemia. Shi R, etal., CNS Neurosci Ther. 2012 Mar;18(3):250-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00295.x.
60. MiR-451 is decreased in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and regulates autophagy by targeting TSC1. Song L, etal., J Cell Mol Med. 2014 Nov;18(11):2266-74. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12380. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
61. Beclin 1 gene transfer activates autophagy and ameliorates the neurodegenerative pathology in alpha-synuclein models of Parkinson's and Lewy body diseases. Spencer B, etal., J Neurosci. 2009 Oct 28;29(43):13578-88.
62. The effects of BMSCs transplantation on autophagy by CX43 in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury in rats. Sun L, etal., Neurol Sci. 2014 May;35(5):677-82. doi: 10.1007/s10072-013-1575-6. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
63. LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy. Tanida I, etal., Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;36(12):2503-18.
64. Urocortin inhibits Beclin1-mediated autophagic cell death in cardiac myocytes exposed to ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Valentim L, etal., J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2006 Jun;40(6):846-52. Epub 2006 May 12.
65. Aliskiren ameliorates pressure overload-induced heart hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. Weng LQ, etal., Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2014 Aug;35(8):1005-14. doi: 10.1038/aps.2014.45. Epub 2014 Jul 7.
66. Autophagy in the heart and liver during normal aging and calorie restriction. Wohlgemuth SE, etal., Rejuvenation Res. 2007 Sep;10(3):281-92.
67. Role of autophagy and apoptosis in wound tissue of deep second-degree burn in rats. Xiao M, etal., Acad Emerg Med. 2014 Apr;21(4):383-91. doi: 10.1111/acem.12352.
68. Beclin 1 knockdown inhibits autophagic activation and prevents the secondary neurodegenerative damage in the ipsilateral thalamus following focal cerebral infarction. Xing S, etal., Autophagy. 2012 Jan;8(1):63-76. doi: 10.4161/auto.8.1.18217. Epub 2012 Jan 1.
69. Autophagy and apoptosis in tubular cells following unilateral ureteral obstruction are associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress. Xu Y, etal., Int J Mol Med. 2013 Mar;31(3):628-36. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1232. Epub 2013 Jan 8.
70. Activin A/Smads signaling pathway negatively regulates Oxygen Glucose Deprivation-induced autophagy via suppression of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in neuronal PC12 cells. Xue LX, etal., Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Nov 18;480(3):355-361. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.050. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
71. Enhanced autophagy plays a cardinal role in mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats: ameliorating effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Yan J, etal., J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Jul;23(7):716-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.014. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
72. MTORC1 coordinates the autophagy and apoptosis signaling in articular chondrocytes in osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint. Yang H, etal., Autophagy. 2020 Feb;16(2):271-288. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1606647. Epub 2019 Apr 21.
73. Autophagy regulation by the nuclear factor kappaB signal axis in acute pancreatitis. Yang S, etal., Pancreas. 2012 Apr;41(3):367-73.
74. Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation. Yang Z and Klionsky DJ, Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2010 Apr;22(2):124-31. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
75. Beclin 1 knockdown retards re-endothelialization and exacerbates neointimal formation via a crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Ye LX, etal., Atherosclerosis. 2014 Nov;237(1):146-54. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.052. Epub 2014 Sep 6.
76. Increased macroautophagy in the pathological process of intervertebral disc degeneration in rats. Ye W, etal., Connect Tissue Res. 2013;54(1):22-8. doi: 10.3109/03008207.2012.715702. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
77. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting axonal growth and anti-autophagy. Yin F, etal., Neural Regen Res. 2014 Sep 15;9(18):1665-71. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.141801.
78. Expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 in the spinal dorsal horn following spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain. Zhang E, etal., Brain Res. 2013 Jun 26;1519:31-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.055. Epub 2013 May 8.
79. Myocardial autophagy variation during acute myocardial infarction in rats: the effects of carvedilol. Zhang JL, etal., Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 Oct 5;122(19):2372-9.
80. Enhancement of chondrocyte autophagy is an early response in the degenerative cartilage of the temporomandibular joint to biomechanical dental stimulation. Zhang M, etal., Apoptosis. 2013 Apr;18(4):423-34. doi: 10.1007/s10495-013-0811-0.
81. [The study on the beclin1 expression and change in diabetic rats]. Zhang MP, etal., Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2011 Jul;42(4):508-10, 522.
82. Autophagy is activated and might protect neurons from degeneration after traumatic brain injury. Zhang YB, etal., Neurosci Bull. 2008 Jun;24(3):143-9.
83. RNA interference-mediated downregulation of Beclin1 attenuates cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Zheng YQ, etal., Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2009 Jul;30(7):919-27.
84. Autophagy is increased in postmortem brains of persons with HIV-1-associated encephalitis. Zhou D, etal., J Infect Dis. 2011 Jun 1;203(11):1647-57.
Additional References at PubMed
PMID:7490091   PMID:7829101   PMID:8125298   PMID:8999962   PMID:10395800   PMID:10604474   PMID:10625637   PMID:11306555   PMID:11309306   PMID:11564866   PMID:12372286   PMID:12477932  
PMID:14617358   PMID:14966907   PMID:14970205   PMID:15489334   PMID:15922724   PMID:16179260   PMID:16267277   PMID:16390869   PMID:16417406   PMID:16467569   PMID:16522639   PMID:16713569  
PMID:16718815   PMID:16799551   PMID:16857678   PMID:16874027   PMID:17203225   PMID:17236580   PMID:17272502   PMID:17337444   PMID:17355787   PMID:17438366   PMID:17441324   PMID:17441338  
PMID:17446862   PMID:17550384   PMID:17589504   PMID:17595761   PMID:17643073   PMID:17659302   PMID:17724469   PMID:17786023   PMID:17999086   PMID:18005679   PMID:18184403   PMID:18184459  
PMID:18497881   PMID:18552835   PMID:18628207   PMID:18641390   PMID:18769161   PMID:18797192   PMID:18829541   PMID:18843052   PMID:19049976   PMID:19050071   PMID:19060920   PMID:19066461  
PMID:19130303   PMID:19145109   PMID:19180116   PMID:19218137   PMID:19270693   PMID:19270696   PMID:19273585   PMID:19289499   PMID:19298526   PMID:19298604   PMID:19318089   PMID:19325567  
PMID:19347031   PMID:19372752   PMID:19375507   PMID:19395874   PMID:19520853   PMID:19535901   PMID:19535919   PMID:19556884   PMID:19635843   PMID:19641499   PMID:19680556   PMID:19713971  
PMID:19762066   PMID:19778902   PMID:19798108   PMID:19921231   PMID:19959994   PMID:20004946   PMID:20009549   PMID:20010695   PMID:20023428   PMID:20037818   PMID:20090905   PMID:20150769  
PMID:20190558   PMID:20206246   PMID:20207475   PMID:20208530   PMID:20230646   PMID:20368806   PMID:20406981   PMID:20454448   PMID:20467442   PMID:20473282   PMID:20501938   PMID:20559548  
PMID:20562859   PMID:20577262   PMID:20622903   PMID:20638385   PMID:20639699   PMID:20643123   PMID:20697744   PMID:20711182   PMID:20819940   PMID:20842118   PMID:20889974   PMID:20921139  
PMID:20937944   PMID:21062745   PMID:21081164   PMID:21139567   PMID:21203962   PMID:21209283   PMID:21239722   PMID:21241894   PMID:21327823   PMID:21353614   PMID:21358617   PMID:21420796  
PMID:21444671   PMID:21499230   PMID:21537144   PMID:21543763   PMID:21556768   PMID:21597469   PMID:21610315   PMID:21646862   PMID:21654208   PMID:21681342   PMID:21711108   PMID:21722286  
PMID:21729531   PMID:21750416   PMID:21769915   PMID:21777947   PMID:21779982   PMID:21861179   PMID:21873141   PMID:21873635   PMID:21875280   PMID:21936852   PMID:21962518   PMID:21971985  
PMID:21976705   PMID:22028648   PMID:22039439   PMID:22081109   PMID:22082873   PMID:22095288   PMID:22095667   PMID:22147978   PMID:22157765   PMID:22174682   PMID:22205736   PMID:22219388  
PMID:22240664   PMID:22241963   PMID:22242123   PMID:22248718   PMID:22286270   PMID:22310240   PMID:22314358   PMID:22335943   PMID:22392728   PMID:22393062   PMID:22493499   PMID:22498477  
PMID:22622204   PMID:22627130   PMID:22648564   PMID:22650021   PMID:22674982   PMID:22733132   PMID:22742832   PMID:22797916   PMID:22805532   PMID:22875631   PMID:22933281   PMID:23029344  
PMID:23089287   PMID:23112296   PMID:23115300   PMID:23125008   PMID:23168911   PMID:23182941   PMID:23184933   PMID:23197835   PMID:23216071   PMID:23225331   PMID:23264393   PMID:23315026  
PMID:23316280   PMID:23332761   PMID:23334926   PMID:23337876   PMID:23364696   PMID:23420005   PMID:23427159   PMID:23429496   PMID:23444126   PMID:23478334   PMID:23479509   PMID:23504944  
PMID:23525201   PMID:23541952   PMID:23564079   PMID:23569248   PMID:23573264   PMID:23629966   PMID:23686476   PMID:23703612   PMID:23722017   PMID:23737459   PMID:23787295   PMID:23790316  
PMID:23798385   PMID:23801739   PMID:23812859   PMID:23822101   PMID:23827971   PMID:23877263   PMID:23878393   PMID:23880165   PMID:23935917   PMID:23943370   PMID:23954414   PMID:23974797  
PMID:24012002   PMID:24034250   PMID:24056301   PMID:24056303   PMID:24113155   PMID:24115198   PMID:24132590   PMID:24141421   PMID:24145555   PMID:24166503   PMID:24186333   PMID:24186908  
PMID:24188325   PMID:24260370   PMID:24303007   PMID:24324106   PMID:24324270   PMID:24345332   PMID:24349490   PMID:24378767   PMID:24385262   PMID:24386307   PMID:24440703   PMID:24443581  
PMID:24472739   PMID:24478461   PMID:24528868   PMID:24535641   PMID:24587252   PMID:24599950   PMID:24623173   PMID:24681041   PMID:24690321   PMID:24705551   PMID:24716949   PMID:24733562  
PMID:24755562   PMID:24760274   PMID:24785657   PMID:24879154   PMID:24879156   PMID:24885292   PMID:24941712   PMID:24956373   PMID:24969889   PMID:24971696   PMID:24980959   PMID:24980960  
PMID:25032846   PMID:25046113   PMID:25086043   PMID:25096824   PMID:25115400   PMID:25127057   PMID:25136588   PMID:25175672   PMID:25179078   PMID:25196438   PMID:25204229   PMID:25208472  
PMID:25215947   PMID:25275521   PMID:25292086   PMID:25311841   PMID:25318890   PMID:25366815   PMID:25400807   PMID:25427639   PMID:25436332   PMID:25438055   PMID:25439234   PMID:25466963  
PMID:25472497   PMID:25482163   PMID:25484083   PMID:25490155   PMID:25496667   PMID:25499913   PMID:25512258   PMID:25533187   PMID:25565814   PMID:25594178   PMID:25596085   PMID:25607466  
PMID:25620738   PMID:25631043   PMID:25639875   PMID:25649430   PMID:25669656   PMID:25689150   PMID:25693418   PMID:25708267   PMID:25714112   PMID:25714272   PMID:25715028   PMID:25758178  
PMID:25803737   PMID:25814554   PMID:25821789   PMID:25824726   PMID:25825496   PMID:25837021   PMID:25847297   PMID:25871810   PMID:25891078   PMID:25905985   PMID:25906440   PMID:25955014  
PMID:25984893   PMID:26008601   PMID:26055714   PMID:26097572   PMID:26134156   PMID:26148234   PMID:26186194   PMID:26218645   PMID:26239434   PMID:26263979   PMID:26295339   PMID:26319552  
PMID:26330555   PMID:26347139   PMID:26363527   PMID:26386349   PMID:26387716   PMID:26395023   PMID:26458502   PMID:26496610   PMID:26506105   PMID:26510741   PMID:26549445   PMID:26549519  
PMID:26573276   PMID:26582930   PMID:26590968   PMID:26617774   PMID:26654401   PMID:26673895   PMID:26682748   PMID:26687681   PMID:26708607   PMID:26722036   PMID:26739061   PMID:26756998  
PMID:26765290   PMID:26783301   PMID:26876213   PMID:26880040   PMID:26929373   PMID:26935807   PMID:26937551   PMID:26965179   PMID:26984766   PMID:26988033   PMID:27002764   PMID:27031958  
PMID:27046249   PMID:27046250   PMID:27067261   PMID:27173217   PMID:27174920   PMID:27175789   PMID:27203177   PMID:27245989   PMID:27304906   PMID:27356955   PMID:27383850   PMID:27444698  
PMID:27462784   PMID:27466513   PMID:27468561   PMID:27468577   PMID:27556506   PMID:27559856   PMID:27613096   PMID:27621469   PMID:276