Lepr (leptin receptor) - Rat Genome Database

Send us a Message



 Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   
Search RGD Grant Resources Citing RGD About Us Contact Us
Genes QTLs Strains Markers Genome Information Ontologies Cell Lines References Download Submit Data
OntoMate (Literature Search) JBrowse (Genome Browser) Synteny Browser (VCMap)  (beta) Variant Visualizer Multi-Ontology Enrichment (MOET) Gene-Ortholog Location Finder (GOLF) InterViewer (Protein-Protein Interactions) PhenoMiner (Quatitative Phenotypes) Gene Annotator OLGA (Gene List Generator) AllianceMine GViewer (Genome Viewer) Overgo Probe Designer
Aging & Age-Related Disease Cancer & Neoplastic Disease Cardiovascular Disease COVID-19 Developmental Disease Diabetes Hematologic Disease Immune & Inflammatory Disease Infectious Disease Liver Disease Neurological Disease Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Renal Disease Respiratory Disease Sensory Organ Disease
Find Models   new Genetic Models Autism Models Rat PhenoMiner (Quantitative Phenotypes) Chinchilla PhenoMiner Expected Ranges (Quantitative Phenotype) PhenoMiner Term Comparison Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Phenotypes GERRC (Gene Editing Rat Resource Center) Phenotypes in Other Animal Models Animal Husbandry Strain Medical Records Phylogenetics Strain Availability Calendar Rats 101 Submissions Photo Archive
Pathways
Rat Community Forum Directory of Rat Laboratories Video Tutorials News RGD Publications RGD Poster Archive Nomenclature Guidelines Resource Links Laboratory Resources Employment Resources
Gene: Lepr (leptin receptor) Mus musculus
Analyze
Symbol: Lepr
Name: leptin receptor
RGD ID: 10865
MGI Page MGI
Description: Enables leptin receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including glucose homeostasis; leptin-mediated signaling pathway; and positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including glial cell proliferation; glycogen metabolic process; and negative regulation of gluconeogenesis. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. Predicted to be part of receptor complex. Predicted to be active in external side of plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; embryo mesenchyme; genitourinary system; and skeleton. Used to study non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; obesity; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (multiple); obesity; obstructive sleep apnea; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human LEPR (leptin receptor).
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Previously known as: B219; db; diabetes; LE; LEP-R; Leprb; LEPROT; leptin receptor gene-related protein; MGC105189; Modb; Modb1; O; OB receptor; OB-; OB-RGRP; obese-; obese-like; obl; Obr
RGD Orthologs
Human
Rat
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Alliance Genes
More Info more info ...
Latest Assembly: GRCm39 - Mouse Genome Assembly GRCm39
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm394101,574,393 - 101,676,375 (+)NCBIGRCm39GRCm39mm39
GRCm39 Ensembl4101,574,601 - 101,672,549 (+)EnsemblGRCm39 Ensembl
GRCm384101,717,137 - 101,815,352 (+)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl4101,717,404 - 101,815,352 (+)EnsemblGRCm38mm10GRCm38
MGSCv374101,390,012 - 101,487,959 (+)NCBIGRCm37MGSCv37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv364101,215,371 - 101,313,237 (+)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
Celera4100,061,452 - 100,155,523 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map4C6NCBI
cM Map446.96NCBI
JBrowse: View Region in Genome Browser (JBrowse)
Model


Disease Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
Albuminuria  (ISO)
Animal Disease Models  (ISO)
arteriosclerosis  (ISO)
bone disease  (ISO)
Breast Neoplasms  (ISO)
cardiomyopathy  (ISO)
Chronic Hepatitis B  (ISO)
Chronic Hepatitis C  (ISO)
chronic kidney disease  (ISO)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  (ISO)
cognitive disorder  (ISO)
congestive heart failure  (IEP)
coronary artery disease  (ISO)
Coronary Disease  (ISO)
Delayed Puberty  (ISO)
diabetes mellitus  (ISO)
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies  (ISO)
Diabetic Nephropathies  (ISO)
diabetic neuropathy  (ISO)
dilated cardiomyopathy  (ISO)
Dyslipidemias  (ISO)
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus  (ISO)
Experimental Liver Cirrhosis  (ISO)
familial hyperlipidemia  (ISO)
fatty liver disease  (ISO)
Female Infertility  (ISO)
Fibrosis  (ISO)
genetic disease  (ISO)
gestational diabetes  (ISO)
Gliosis  (ISO)
glucose intolerance  (ISO)
granulosa cell tumor  (ISO)
hepatocellular carcinoma  (ISO)
hepatocellular clear cell carcinoma  (ISO)
Hepatomegaly  (ISO)
human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease  (ISO)
Hyperalgesia  (ISO)
hyperglycemia  (ISO)
hyperinsulinism  (ISO)
Hyperphagia  (ISO)
hypertension  (ISO)
hypogonadism  (ISO)
infertility  (IMP,ISO)
inherited metabolic disorder  (ISO)
Insulin Resistance  (ISO)
intellectual disability  (ISO)
kidney disease  (ISO)
kidney failure  (ISO)
Knee Osteoarthritis  (ISO)
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy  (ISO)
Leptin Receptor Deficiency  (ISO)
morbid obesity  (ISO)
Myocardial Ischemia  (ISO)
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
Nasal Polyps  (ISO)
nephritis  (ISO)
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  (IAGP,ISO)
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis  (ISO)
obesity  (IAGP,IEP,IMP,ISO)
obstructive sleep apnea  (ISO)
osteoporosis  (ISO)
Overweight  (ISO)
pancreas disease  (ISO)
pancreatitis  (ISO)
pituitary gland disease  (ISO)
Pneumococcal Pneumonia  (IMP)
pre-eclampsia  (ISO)
Precocious Puberty  (ISO)
primary biliary cholangitis  (ISO)
primary immunodeficiency disease  (ISO)
primary ovarian insufficiency  (ISO)
proteinuria  (ISO)
pulmonary fibrosis  (IMP)
pulmonary hypertension  (ISO)
renal fibrosis  (ISO)
Respiratory Tract Infections  (ISO)
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy  (ISO)
short bowel syndrome  (ISO)
sleep apnea  (ISO)
Spinal Fractures  (ISO)
type 2 diabetes mellitus  (IAGP,IMP,ISO)
Varicose Ulcer  (ISO)
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left  (ISO)
Weight Gain  (ISO)

Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(1->4)-beta-D-glucan  (EXP)
(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinic acid  (EXP)
(R)-carnitine  (EXP)
(R)-pantothenic acid  (EXP)
(S)-nicotine  (ISO)
1,2-dichloroethane  (EXP)
1-methylnicotinamide  (EXP)
17alpha-ethynylestradiol  (EXP,ISO)
17beta-estradiol  (EXP,ISO)
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate  (ISO)
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl  (EXP)
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether  (EXP)
2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl  (EXP)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (EXP,ISO)
2,4-dinitrotoluene  (ISO)
2,6-dinitrotoluene  (ISO)
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose  (EXP)
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose  (ISO)
2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acid  (EXP)
2-hydroxyisobutyric acid  (EXP)
2-hydroxypropanoic acid  (EXP)
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid  (ISO)
2-oxoadipic acid  (EXP)
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid  (EXP)
3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid  (EXP)
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane  (EXP)
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol  (EXP)
4-hydroxy-TEMPO  (EXP)
4-phenylbutyric acid  (EXP)
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine  (ISO)
6-propyl-2-thiouracil  (ISO)
7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione  (EXP)
8-Br-cAMP  (ISO)
acetamide  (ISO)
acetohydrazide  (EXP)
acetylcholine  (EXP)
acrolein  (ISO)
aflatoxin B1  (ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucosamine  (ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucose  (EXP,ISO)
allantoin  (EXP)
allethrin  (ISO)
allopurinol  (ISO)
alpha-pinene  (ISO)
ammonium chloride  (ISO)
anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one  (EXP)
apocynin  (EXP)
aristolochic acid A  (ISO)
arsane  (EXP,ISO)
arsenic atom  (EXP,ISO)
astaxanthin  (EXP)
benzo[a]pyrene  (EXP,ISO)
benzo[b]fluoranthene  (EXP)
beta-D-glucosamine  (ISO)
beta-naphthoflavone  (ISO)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
bisphenol F  (EXP)
bromodichloromethane  (EXP)
butanal  (ISO)
butyric acid  (EXP)
caffeine  (ISO)
calcium atom  (ISO)
calcium(0)  (ISO)
captopril  (EXP)
carbon nanotube  (EXP)
CGP 52608  (ISO)
chloroquine  (EXP)
chlorpyrifos  (EXP)
cholesterol  (EXP)
choline  (EXP)
chromium atom  (EXP)
chrysene  (EXP)
ciguatoxin CTX1B  (EXP)
cisplatin  (ISO)
citric acid  (EXP)
clofibrate  (ISO)
clofibric acid  (ISO)
coumestrol  (ISO)
creatinine  (EXP)
crocidolite asbestos  (EXP)
cyanocob(III)alamin  (EXP)
cycloheximide  (EXP)
cyclosporin A  (ISO)
cyhalothrin  (ISO)
cypermethrin  (ISO)
cyromazine  (ISO)
cytarabine  (ISO)
D-glucose  (EXP,ISO)
dactolisib  (EXP)
decabromodiphenyl ether  (ISO)
dexamethasone  (ISO)
dibenz[a,h]anthracene  (EXP)
dibutyl phthalate  (ISO)
dichloroacetic acid  (EXP)
diclofenac  (EXP)
dicrotophos  (ISO)
diethyl maleate  (ISO)
dioxygen  (EXP,ISO)
diquat  (EXP)
dobutamine  (EXP)
dorsomorphin  (ISO)
doxorubicin  (ISO)
Enterolactone  (ISO)
epoxiconazole  (EXP)
estrone  (EXP)
ethanol  (EXP,ISO)
ethylmalonic acid  (EXP)
fenvalerate  (ISO)
flutamide  (ISO)
folic acid  (EXP)
formic acid  (EXP)
fructose  (ISO)
fumaric acid  (EXP)
furan  (ISO)
galactaric acid  (EXP)
gefitinib  (ISO)
genistein  (ISO)
glucagon  (EXP)
glucose  (EXP,ISO)
glutaric acid  (EXP)
glutathione  (ISO)
glycidol  (ISO)
glycine betaine  (EXP)
glyphosate  (ISO)
gypenoside LXXV  (EXP)
harmine  (EXP)
hesperidin  (EXP)
hexanoic acid  (EXP)
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol  (ISO)
hydrazine  (ISO)
hydrochlorothiazide  (EXP)
hydrogen peroxide  (EXP)
indoxyl sulfate  (EXP)
isobutyric acid  (EXP)
isocaproic acid  (EXP)
isoprenaline  (ISO)
isovaleric acid  (EXP)
ketamine  (ISO)
L-methionine  (EXP)
lipopolysaccharide  (ISO)
LY294002  (EXP)
malonic acid  (EXP)
mercury atom  (ISO)
mercury(0)  (ISO)
methylmalonic acid  (EXP)
methylmercury chloride  (EXP,ISO)
metyrapone  (ISO)
mifepristone  (ISO)
MK-2206  (EXP)
morphine  (EXP)
N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine  (ISO)
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea  (EXP)
N-methyl-6-pyridone-3-carboxamide  (EXP)
N-methylnicotinate  (EXP)
N-nitrosodiethylamine  (EXP,ISO)
naringin  (EXP,ISO)
nickel atom  (ISO)
nickel sulfate  (ISO)
Nicotinamide N-oxide  (EXP)
nicotine  (ISO)
nicotinic acid  (EXP)
orotic acid  (EXP)
ozone  (EXP,ISO)
paracetamol  (EXP)
PCB138  (EXP)
pentanal  (ISO)
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid  (EXP)
perfluorooctanoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
phenformin  (ISO)
phenobarbital  (EXP,ISO)
phenylmercury acetate  (ISO)
pioglitazone  (EXP,ISO)
pirimicarb  (ISO)
pirinixic acid  (EXP,ISO)
pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile  (ISO)
progesterone  (ISO)
propranolol  (ISO)
pyrethrins  (ISO)
quercetin  (ISO)
rac-lactic acid  (EXP)
raloxifene  (ISO)
razoxane  (ISO)
resveratrol  (EXP)
riddelliine  (ISO)
rotenone  (ISO)
rutin  (ISO)
SB 203580  (EXP)
SB 431542  (EXP,ISO)
silicon dioxide  (ISO)
simvastatin  (ISO)
sodium arsenite  (EXP)
sodium dichromate  (ISO)
streptozocin  (EXP)
succinic acid  (EXP)
sucrose  (EXP)
sulforaphane  (EXP)
superoxide  (EXP)
tacrine  (ISO)
taurine  (EXP)
telmisartan  (EXP)
testosterone  (ISO)
tetrachloromethane  (EXP,ISO)
tetraphene  (EXP)
thioacetamide  (ISO)
thiram  (ISO)
titanium dioxide  (EXP)
topotecan  (ISO)
tremolite asbestos  (EXP)
tributylstannane  (EXP)
trichloroethene  (EXP)
trichostatin A  (ISO)
trimellitic anhydride  (EXP)
triphenyl phosphate  (EXP)
Triptolide  (EXP)
triptonide  (EXP)
troglitazone  (ISO)
urea  (EXP)
valeric acid  (EXP)
valproic acid  (EXP,ISO)
zinc atom  (EXP,ISO)
zinc(0)  (EXP,ISO)
ziram  (ISO)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Cellular Component

Molecular Pathway Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
Phenotype Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Mammalian Phenotype
abnormal acute inflammation  (IAGP)
abnormal adipose tissue morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal adipose tissue physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal adrenal gland zona reticularis morphology  (IEA)
abnormal aerobic respiration  (IAGP)
abnormal aorta morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal axon extension  (IAGP)
abnormal axon morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal behavior  (IAGP)
abnormal blood circulation  (IAGP)
abnormal blood homeostasis  (IAGP)
abnormal body composition  (IAGP)
abnormal body temperature  (IAGP)
abnormal body temperature homeostasis  (IAGP)
abnormal body weight  (IAGP)
abnormal bone structure  (IEA)
abnormal cardiovascular system physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal CD8-positive, alpha beta T cell morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal chemokine level  (IAGP)
abnormal chemokine secretion  (IAGP)
abnormal circadian temperature homeostasis  (IAGP)
abnormal circulating cholesterol level  (IAGP)
abnormal circulating glucose level  (IAGP)
abnormal circulating insulin level  (IAGP)
abnormal circulating lipid level  (IAGP)
abnormal CNS synaptic transmission  (IAGP)
abnormal conditioned taste aversion behavior  (IAGP)
abnormal diestrus  (IAGP)
abnormal digestive system physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal eating behavior  (IAGP)
abnormal embryo implantation  (IAGP)
abnormal endometrium morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal energy expenditure  (IAGP)
abnormal enzyme/coenzyme activity  (IAGP)
abnormal epididymal fat pad morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal estrous cycle  (IEA)
abnormal exocrine pancreas morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal eye electrophysiology  (IAGP)
abnormal fat pad morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal female reproductive system morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal food intake  (IAGP)
abnormal functional residual capacity  (IAGP)
abnormal gait  (IEA)
abnormal gluconeogenesis  (IAGP)
abnormal glucose homeostasis  (IAGP)
abnormal gonadal fat pad morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal hematopoietic system morphology/development  (IAGP)
abnormal hormone level  (IAGP)
abnormal hypothalamus physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal inhibitory postsynaptic currents  (IAGP)
abnormal insulin secretion  (IAGP)
abnormal interleukin level  (IAGP)
abnormal intestinal epithelium morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal intraocular pressure  (IAGP)
abnormal kidney afferent arteriole morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal kidney calyx morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal kidney morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal kidney papilla morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal lactation  (IAGP)
abnormal learning/memory/conditioning  (IAGP)
abnormal leukocyte morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal lipid level  (IAGP)
abnormal locomotor activation  (IAGP)
abnormal locomotor behavior  (IEA)
abnormal locomotor circadian rhythm  (IAGP)
abnormal lung compliance  (IAGP)
abnormal mesenteric fat pad morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal metestrus  (IAGP)
abnormal mitochondrial physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal myelin sheath morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal myocardial fiber morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal myocardium layer morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal nephron morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal nerve conduction  (IAGP)
abnormal nervous system electrophysiology  (IAGP)
abnormal nervous system morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal neuron physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal nucleotide metabolism  (IAGP)
abnormal osteoclast differentiation  (IAGP)
abnormal oxygen consumption  (IAGP)
abnormal pancreas physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal pancreatic beta cell morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal pancreatic beta cell physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal pancreatic islet cell apoptosis  (IAGP)
abnormal pancreatic islet morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal parturition  (IAGP)
abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology  (IEA)
abnormal percent body fat/body weight  (IAGP)
abnormal podocyte morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal renal fat pad morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal renal glomerulus morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal respiratory electron transport chain  (IAGP)
abnormal respiratory mechanics  (IAGP)
abnormal response to cardiac infarction  (IAGP)
abnormal response/metabolism to endogenous compounds  (IAGP)
abnormal retina morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal retina vasculature morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal skeleton development  (IAGP)
abnormal spatial learning  (IAGP)
abnormal spatial reference memory  (IAGP)
abnormal sympathetic nervous system physiology  (IAGP)
abnormal synaptic dopamine release  (IAGP)
abnormal urine protein level  (IAGP)
abnormal uterus morphology  (IAGP)
abnormal vascular development  (IAGP)
abnormal vascular wound healing  (IAGP)
abnormal white adipose tissue morphology  (IAGP)
absent adrenal medulla  (IEA)
absent corpus luteum  (IAGP)
absent estrous cycle  (IAGP)
absent estrus  (IAGP)
absent long-term depression  (IAGP)
absent mature ovarian follicles  (IAGP)
adipose tissue inflammation  (IAGP)
albuminuria  (IAGP)
amyloidosis  (IAGP)
anovulation  (IAGP)
cardiac ischemia  (IAGP)
constricted vagina orifice  (IAGP)
decreased abdominal adipose tissue amount  (IAGP)
decreased body fat mass  (IAGP)
decreased body length  (IAGP)
decreased body size  (IAGP)
decreased body temperature  (IAGP)
decreased body weight  (IAGP)
decreased bone marrow cell number  (IAGP)
decreased bone mineral content  (IEA)
decreased bone mineral density  (IEA)
decreased carbon dioxide production  (IAGP)
decreased cardiac muscle contractility  (IAGP)
decreased cardiac output  (IAGP)
decreased CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell number  (IAGP)
decreased CD8-positive, naive alpha-beta T cell number  (IEA)
decreased cell death  (IEA)
decreased circulating adiponectin level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating adrenaline level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating chloride level  (IEA)
decreased circulating cholesterol level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating glucose level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating growth hormone level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating insulin level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating leptin level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating noradrenaline level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating thyroxine level  (IAGP)
decreased circulating triglyceride level  (IAGP)
decreased core body temperature  (IAGP)
decreased corpora lutea number  (IEA)
decreased energy expenditure  (IAGP)
decreased exploration in new environment  (IEA)
decreased follicle stimulating hormone level  (IAGP)
decreased gonadal fat pad weight  (IAGP)
decreased heart rate  (IAGP)
decreased heart weight  (IEA)
decreased hematopoietic cell number  (IAGP)
decreased insulin secretion  (IAGP)
decreased lean body mass  (IAGP)
decreased leukocyte cell number  (IAGP)
decreased litter size  (IAGP)
decreased liver triglyceride level  (IAGP)
decreased locomotor activity  (IAGP)
decreased lymphocyte cell number  (IEA)
decreased mature ovarian follicle number  (IEA)
decreased motor neuron number  (IAGP)
decreased muscle weight  (IAGP)
decreased oocyte number  (IEA)
decreased ovulation rate  (IAGP)
decreased oxygen consumption  (IAGP)
decreased prostaglandin level  (IAGP)
decreased pulmonary ventilation  (IAGP)
decreased renal glomerular filtration rate  (IAGP)
decreased respiratory quotient  (IAGP)
decreased response to antigen  (IEA)
decreased somatotroph cell number  (IAGP)
decreased spleen weight  (IEA)
decreased splenocyte number  (IAGP)
decreased susceptibility to age related obesity  (IAGP)
decreased systemic arterial blood pressure  (IAGP)
decreased systemic arterial systolic blood pressure  (IAGP)
decreased T cell proliferation  (IAGP)
decreased total body fat amount  (IAGP)
decreased urine albumin level  (IAGP)
decreased uterus weight  (IAGP)
decreased white fat cell size  (IAGP)
degranulated pancreatic beta cells  (IAGP)
delayed estrous cycle  (IAGP)
delayed estrus  (IAGP)
delayed parturition  (IAGP)
delayed wound healing  (IAGP)
dystocia  (IAGP)
enlarged adrenal glands  (IEA)
enlarged kidney  (IAGP)
enlarged liver  (IAGP)
enlarged placenta  (IAGP)
enlarged spleen  (IAGP)
expanded mesangial matrix  (IAGP)
extended life span  (IAGP)
extramedullary hematopoiesis  (IAGP)
female infertility  (IAGP)
glomerulosclerosis  (IAGP)
heart left ventricle hypertrophy  (IAGP)
hepatic steatosis  (IAGP)
hyperactivity  (IAGP)
hyperglycemia  (IAGP)
hyperlipidemia  (IAGP)
hypoglycemia  (IAGP)
impaired adaptive thermogenesis  (IAGP)
impaired balance  (IEA)
impaired coordination  (IEA)
impaired glucose tolerance  (IAGP)
impaired righting response  (IEA)
improved glucose tolerance  (IAGP)
increased abdominal adipose tissue amount  (IAGP)
increased anxiety-related response  (IEA)
increased birth weight  (IAGP)
increased blood urea nitrogen level  (IAGP)
increased blood uric acid level  (IAGP)
increased body fat mass  (IEA)
increased body length  (IAGP)
increased body size  (IAGP)
increased body weight  (IAGP)
increased bone volume  (IAGP)
increased brown adipose tissue amount  (IAGP)
increased carbon dioxide production  (IAGP)
increased cholesterol level  (IAGP)
increased circulating alanine transaminase level  (IEA)
increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level  (IEA)
increased circulating amylase level  (IEA)
increased circulating aspartate transaminase level  (IEA)
increased circulating calcium level  (IEA)
increased circulating cholesterol level  (IAGP)
increased circulating corticosterone level  (IAGP)
increased circulating creatinine level  (IAGP)
increased circulating free fatty acids level  (IAGP)
increased circulating fructosamine level  (IEA)
increased circulating glucagon level  (IAGP)
increased circulating glucose level  (IAGP)
increased circulating glycerol level  (IAGP)
increased circulating HDL cholesterol level  (IAGP)
increased circulating insulin level  (IAGP)
increased circulating interleukin-6 level  (IAGP)
increased circulating iron level  (IEA)
increased circulating ketone body level  (IAGP)
increased circulating LDL cholesterol level  (IAGP)
increased circulating leptin level  (IAGP)
increased circulating phosphate level  (IEA)
increased circulating potassium level  (IEA)
increased circulating serum albumin level  (IEA)
increased circulating testosterone level  (IAGP)
increased circulating total protein level  (IEA)
increased circulating triglyceride level  (IAGP)
increased circulating VLDL cholesterol level  (IAGP)
increased creatinine clearance  (IAGP)
increased effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell number  (IEA)
increased effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number  (IEA)
increased enterocyte apoptosis  (IAGP)
increased eosinophil cell number  (IEA)
increased epididymal fat pad weight  (IAGP)
increased fat cell size  (IAGP)
increased fluid intake  (IAGP)
increased food intake  (IAGP)
increased glucagon secretion  (IAGP)
increased glycosylated hemoglobin level  (IAGP)
increased gonadal fat pad weight  (IAGP)
increased heart weight  (IAGP)
increased hematocrit  (IEA)
increased hemoglobin content  (IEA)
increased hepatocyte apoptosis  (IAGP)
increased IgE level  (IEA)
increased insulin secretion  (IAGP)
increased insulin sensitivity  (IAGP)
increased interleukin-6 secretion  (IAGP)
increased kidney weight  (IAGP)
increased lean body mass  (IAGP)
increased left ventricle diastolic pressure  (IAGP)
increased liver glycogen level  (IEA)
increased liver triglyceride level  (IAGP)
increased liver weight  (IAGP)
increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin  (IEA)
increased mean corpuscular volume  (IEA)
increased mean platelet volume  (IEA)
increased mean systemic arterial blood pressure  (IAGP)
increased mesenteric fat pad weight  (IAGP)
increased metastatic potential  (IAGP)
increased monocyte cell number  (IEA)
increased neutrophil cell number  (IAGP)
increased omental fat pad weight  (IAGP)
increased oxygen consumption  (IAGP)
increased pancreatic alpha cell number  (IAGP)
increased pancreatic beta cell mass  (IAGP)
increased pancreatic beta cell number  (IAGP)
increased pancreatic islet cell apoptosis  (IAGP)
increased percent body fat/body weight  (IAGP)
increased red blood cell distribution width  (IEA)
increased renal glomerulus apoptosis  (IAGP)
increased renal glomerulus basement membrane thickness  (IAGP)
increased respiratory quotient  (IAGP)
increased subcutaneous adipose tissue amount  (IAGP)
increased susceptibility to age related obesity  (IAGP)
increased susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes  (IAGP)
increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity  (IAGP)
increased susceptibility to endotoxin shock  (IAGP)
increased susceptibility to induced morbidity/mortality  (IAGP)
increased susceptibility to non-insulin-dependent diabetes  (IAGP)
increased susceptibility to parasitic infection  (IAGP)
increased susceptibility to weight gain  (IAGP)
increased systemic arterial systolic blood pressure  (IAGP)
increased total body fat amount  (IAGP)
increased urine glucose level  (IAGP)
increased urine protein level  (IAGP)
increased vasoconstriction  (IAGP)
infertility  (IAGP)
insulin resistance  (IAGP)
lethality, incomplete penetrance  (IAGP)
limb grasping  (IEA)
liver fibrosis  (IAGP)
liver inflammation  (IAGP)
lung inflammation  (IAGP)
macrovesicular hepatic steatosis  (IAGP)
male infertility  (IAGP)
maternal effect  (IAGP)
mesangiolysis  (IAGP)
microvesicular hepatic steatosis  (IAGP)
no abnormal phenotype detected  (IAGP)
obese  (IAGP)
ovary inflammation  (IAGP)
oxidative stress  (IAGP)
pancreas inflammation  (IAGP)
pancreatic islet hyperplasia  (IAGP)
periinsulitis  (IAGP)
polydipsia  (IAGP)
polyphagia  (IAGP)
polyuria  (IAGP)
premature death  (IAGP)
pup cannibalization  (IAGP)
reduced female fertility  (IAGP)
reduced long-term potentiation  (IAGP)
reduced male fertility  (IEA)
reduced male mating frequency  (IAGP)
renal glomerular immunoglobulin deposits  (IAGP)
renal glomerular protein deposits  (IAGP)
renal glomerulus fibrosis  (IAGP)
renal glomerulus lipidosis  (IAGP)
short femur  (IAGP)
short tail  (IAGP)
short tibia  (IEA)
small male preputial gland  (IAGP)
small seminal vesicle  (IEA)
small uterus  (IAGP)
spleen hyperplasia  (IAGP)
thrombocytopenia  (IEA)
tremors  (IEA)
trunk curl  (IEA)
weight loss  (IAGP)
References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. Progression of pancreatitis prior to diabetes onset in WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) rats. Akimoto T, etal., J Vet Med Sci. 2012 Jan;74(1):65-70. Epub 2011 Aug 12.
2. Leptin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Chinese Han Population. An BQ, etal., Hepat Mon. 2016 Apr 27;16(4):e35055. doi: 10.5812/hepatmon.35055. eCollection 2016 Apr.
3. Characterization of changes in leptin and leptin receptors in a rat model of preeclampsia. Anderson CM, etal., Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jul;193(1):267-72.
4. Preliminary Characterization of a Leptin Receptor Knockout Rat Created by CRISPR/Cas9 System. Bao D, etal., Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 5;5:15942. doi: 10.1038/srep15942.
5. The genetic association database. Becker KG, etal., Nat Genet. 2004 May;36(5):431-2.
6. Association between variants in the genes for leptin, leptin receptor, and proopiomelanocortin with chronic heart failure in the Czech population. Bienertova-Vasku JA, etal., Heart Vessels. 2009 Mar;24(2):131-7. Epub 2009 Apr 1.
7. Generation of obese rat model by transcription activator-like effector nucleases targeting the leptin receptor gene. Chen Y, etal., Sci China Life Sci. 2017 Feb;60(2):152-157. doi: 10.1007/s11427-016-5049-y. Epub 2016 May 25.
8. Complete rescue of obesity, diabetes, and infertility in db/db mice by neuron-specific LEPR-B transgenes. de Luca C, etal., J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3484-93. Epub 2005 Nov 10.
9. Influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism of leptin receptor gene on insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. de Luis DA, etal., Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 Sep;81(3):e9-e11. Epub 2008 Jul 15.
10. Influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene on insulin resistance in nondiabetic obese patients. de Luis DA, etal., J Diabetes Complications. 2008 May-Jun;22(3):199-204. Epub 2008 Apr 16.
11. Leptin receptor blockade reduces intrahepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure in an experimental model of rat liver cirrhosis. Delgado MG, etal., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2013 Oct 1;305(7):G496-502. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00336.2012. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
12. Leptin receptor genotype at Gln223Arg is associated with body composition, BMD, and vertebral fracture in postmenopausal Danish women. Fairbrother UL, etal., J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Apr;22(4):544-50.
13. Clinical and molecular genetic spectrum of congenital deficiency of the leptin receptor. Farooqi IS, etal., N Engl J Med. 2007 Jan 18;356(3):237-47.
14. Leptin receptor polymorphisms and lung function decline in COPD. Hansel NN, etal., Eur Respir J. 2009 Jul;34(1):103-10. Epub 2009 Feb 5.
15. Characterization of a new animal model of metabolic syndrome: the DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) rat. Hattori T, etal., Nutr Diabetes. 2011 Jan 31;1:e1. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2010.1.
16. Attenuation of leptin and insulin signaling by SOCS proteins. Howard JK and Flier JS, Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;17(9):365-71. Epub 2006 Sep 28.
17. Substitution at codon 269 (glutamine --> proline) of the leptin receptor (OB-R) cDNA is the only mutation found in the Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rat. Iida M, etal., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996 Jul 16;224(2):597-604.
18. Leptin Promotes Fibroproliferative ARDS by Inhibiting Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-{gamma} Jain M, etal., Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Feb 11.
19. Endogenous leptin receptor signaling in the medial nucleus tractus solitarius affects meal size and potentiates intestinal satiation signals. Kanoski SE, etal., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug 15;303(4):E496-503. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00205.2012. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
20. Diet-induced obesity in mice reduces the maintenance of influenza-specific CD8+ memory T cells. Karlsson EA, etal., J Nutr. 2010 Sep;140(9):1691-7. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
21. Genes unlinked to the leptin receptor influence urinary albumin excretion in obese Zucker rats. Kim K, etal., Physiol Genomics. 2010 Feb 16.
22. Immunohistochemical analysis of tau phosphorylation and astroglial activation with enhanced leptin receptor expression in diet-induced obesity mouse hippocampus. Koga S, etal., Neurosci Lett. 2014 Jun 13;571:11-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.028. Epub 2014 Apr 28.
23. Role of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes in susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Li Z, etal., Mol Diagn Ther. 2012 Dec;16(6):383-8. doi: 10.1007/s40291-012-0008-1.
24. Polymorphism of human leptin receptor gene is associated with type 2 diabetic patients complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China. Lu H, etal., J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Feb;24(2):228-32. Epub 2008 Aug 17.
25. [Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in leptin receptor gene with knee osteoarthritis in the Ningxia Hui population]. Ma XJ, etal., Yi Chuan. 2013 Mar;35(3):359-64.
26. Disruption of leptin receptor-STAT3 signaling enhances leukotriene production and pulmonary host defense against pneumococcal pneumonia. Mancuso P, etal., J Immunol. 2011 Jan 15;186(2):1081-90. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
27. Soluble leptin receptor and insulin resistance as determinant of sleep apnea. Manzella D, etal., Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Mar;26(3):370-5.
28. Association of fat cell size and paracrine growth factors in development of hyperplastic obesity. Marques BG, etal., Am J Physiol 1998 Dec;275(6 Pt 2):R1898-908.
29. Ischemia/reperfusion in rat heart induces leptin and leptin receptor gene expression. Matsui H, etal., Life Sci. 2007 Jan 23;80(7):672-80. Epub 2006 Nov 10.
30. Leptin signalling reduces the severity of cardiac dysfunction and remodelling after chronic ischaemic injury. McGaffin KR, etal., Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Jan;77(1):54-63. Epub 2007 Sep 20.
31. Early development of podocyte injury independently of hyperglycemia and elevations in arterial pressure in nondiabetic obese Dahl SS leptin receptor mutant rats. McPherson KC, etal., Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Oct 1;311(4):F793-F804. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00590.2015. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
32. Estrogen and raloxifene modulate leptin and its receptor in hypothalamus and adipose tissue from ovariectomized rats. Meli R, etal., Endocrinology. 2004 Jul;145(7):3115-21. Epub 2004 Apr 1.
33. Electronic Transfer of Homolog Data MGD and Homologene mouse data transfer
34. MGDs mouse GO annotations MGD data from the GO Consortium
35. MGD IEA MGD IEA
36. Polymorphism of the 3'-untranslated region of the leptin receptor gene, but not the adiponectin SNP45 polymorphism, predicts type 2 diabetes: a population-based study. Nannipieri M, etal., Diabetes Care. 2006 Nov;29(11):2509-11.
37. OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline
38. Potential role of leptin in angiogenesis: leptin induces endothelial cell proliferation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo and in vitro. Park HY, etal., Exp Mol Med. 2001 Jun 30;33(2):95-102.
39. Induction of specific microRNAs inhibits cutaneous wound healing. Pastar I, etal., J Biol Chem. 2012 Aug 24;287(35):29324-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.382135. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
40. KEGG Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import KEGG annotations from KEGG into RGD
41. Frequency of distribution of leptin receptor gene polymorphism in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Popko K, etal., J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007 Nov;58 Suppl 5(Pt 2):551-61.
42. Depletion of macrophages slows the early progression of renal injury in obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant rats. Poudel B, etal., Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2020 Jun 1;318(6):F1489-F1499. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00100.2020. Epub 2020 May 11.
43. Rat heart is a site of leptin production and action. Purdham DM, etal., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Dec;287(6):H2877-84. Epub 2004 Jul 29.
44. A neutralizing leptin receptor antibody mitigates hypertrophy and hemodynamic dysfunction in the postinfarcted rat heart. Purdham DM, etal., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Jul;295(1):H441-6. Epub 2008 May 9.
45. The haplotype identified in LEPR gene is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Northern Chinese. Qu Y, etal., Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 Jul;81(1):33-7. Epub 2008 Apr 24.
46. Mouse MP Annotation Import Pipeline RGD automated import pipeline
47. ClinVar Automated Import and Annotation Pipeline RGD automated import pipeline for ClinVar variants, variant-to-disease annotations and gene-to-disease annotations
48. Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions
49. Leptin receptor gene in a large cohort of massively obese subjects: no indication of the fa/fa rat mutation. Detection of an intronic variant with no association with obesity. Rolland V, etal., Obes Res. 1998 Mar;6(2):122-7.
50. Hypertension in obesity and the leptin receptor gene locus. Rosmond R, etal., J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep;85(9):3126-31.
51. Leptin receptor expression in the rat placenta: changes in ob-ra, ob-rb, and ob-re with gestational age and suppression by glucocorticoids. Smith JT and Waddell BJ, Biol Reprod. 2002 Oct;67(4):1204-10.
52. Expression of leptin receptor in nasal polyps: leptin as a mucosecretagogue. Song SY, etal., Laryngoscope. 2010 May;120(5):1046-50.
53. Leptin as a critical regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma development through modulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Stefanou N, etal., BMC Cancer. 2010 Aug 19;10:442. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-442.
54. Leptin receptor isoforms mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Stefanou N, etal., Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006 Nov;231(10):1653-63. doi: 10.1177/153537020623101011.
55. Hyperphagia as a mediator of renal disease initiation in obese Zucker rats. Stevenson FT, etal., Obes Res 2001 Aug;9(8):492-9.
56. Leptin affects intestinal epithelial cell turnover in correlation with leptin receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis after massive small bowel resection in a rat. Sukhotnik I, etal., Pediatr Res. 2009 Dec;66(6):648-53.
57. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with a single nucleotide polymorphism on the gene encoding leptin receptor. Swellam M and Hamdy N, IUBMB Life. 2012 Feb;64(2):180-6. doi: 10.1002/iub.597. Epub 2012 Jan 3.
58. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor, free leptin index and bone mineral density in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Szalay F, etal., Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Sep;17(9):923-8.
59. Leptin receptor (Ob-R) expression is induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by in vitro activation and in vivo in HIV-infected patients. Sánchez-Margalet V, etal., Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Jul;129(1):119-24. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01900.x.
60. Nonsense mutation of leptin receptor in the obese spontaneously hypertensive Koletsky rat. Takaya K, etal., Nat Genet. 1996 Oct;14(2):130-1.
61. Study of the association of 17 lipid-related gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease. Wu N, etal., Anatol J Cardiol. 2018 Jun;19(6):360-367. doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2018.23682.
62. Association of polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes with inflammatory mediators in patients with osteoporosis. Ye XL and Lu CF, Endocrine. 2013 Oct;44(2):481-8. doi: 10.1007/s12020-013-9899-9. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
63. Impact of leptin receptor gene variants on risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its interaction with adiponutrin gene. Zain SM, etal., J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 May;28(5):873-9. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12104.
Additional References at PubMed
PMID:38160   PMID:347001   PMID:350680   PMID:378276   PMID:393618   PMID:431046   PMID:573463   PMID:760211   PMID:823065   PMID:834144   PMID:1107122   PMID:1310517  
PMID:1322037   PMID:1371245   PMID:1406300   PMID:1499292   PMID:1499293   PMID:1797227   PMID:1869883   PMID:1919605   PMID:1949510   PMID:1978328   PMID:2673897   PMID:2770926  
PMID:2774212   PMID:2912706   PMID:2912985   PMID:3044893   PMID:3286334   PMID:3510925   PMID:3553324   PMID:3882910   PMID:4588246   PMID:4767369   PMID:5009970   PMID:5059196  
PMID:5213409   PMID:5412353   PMID:5918576   PMID:6176569   PMID:6337242   PMID:6339122   PMID:6362424   PMID:6393185   PMID:6539799   PMID:6692864   PMID:6928621   PMID:6971254  
PMID:6991317   PMID:6993269   PMID:6997311   PMID:7030829   PMID:7075918   PMID:7261069   PMID:7485613   PMID:7508208   PMID:7536686   PMID:7624352   PMID:7624777   PMID:7698612  
PMID:7706456   PMID:7733988   PMID:7738197   PMID:7745427   PMID:7750469   PMID:7869614   PMID:7869620   PMID:7882592   PMID:7930669   PMID:7988774   PMID:8000138   PMID:8015312  
PMID:8023896   PMID:8072612   PMID:8098006   PMID:8177042   PMID:8177043   PMID:8182132   PMID:8200619   PMID:8200983   PMID:8344641   PMID:8421231   PMID:8422947   PMID:8548812  
PMID:8573179   PMID:8584929   PMID:8584938   PMID:8603777   PMID:8608603   PMID:8612335   PMID:8616721   PMID:8621007   PMID:8621612   PMID:8621615   PMID:8625929   PMID:8628397  
PMID:8643634   PMID:8645274   PMID:8674530   PMID:8692797   PMID:8702421   PMID:8710878   PMID:8721771   PMID:8743992   PMID:8769097   PMID:8782827   PMID:8817099   PMID:8886745  
PMID:8898192   PMID:8910801   PMID:8973143   PMID:8981437   PMID:9001443   PMID:9009273   PMID:9037192   PMID:9048626   PMID:9070213   PMID:9090387   PMID:9102398   PMID:9116246  
PMID:9119224   PMID:9124334   PMID:9125186   PMID:9133562   PMID:9166593   PMID:9177239   PMID:9192681   PMID:9207021   PMID:9207125   PMID:9248728   PMID:9249548   PMID:9254055  
PMID:9292716   PMID:9299565   PMID:9299568   PMID:9338784   PMID:9344648   PMID:9374549   PMID:9380761   PMID:9388507   PMID:9389736   PMID:9395482   PMID:9399964   PMID:9405382  
PMID:9405487   PMID:9421394   PMID:9438411   PMID:9464852   PMID:9486972   PMID:9519731   PMID:9537324   PMID:9545355   PMID:9568684   PMID:9575960   PMID:9630471   PMID:9639038  
PMID:9660946   PMID:9703330   PMID:9716669   PMID:9724018   PMID:9732873   PMID:9763877   PMID:9802419   PMID:9826535   PMID:9826706   PMID:9845674   PMID:9874578   PMID:9885188  
PMID:9886818   PMID:9887187   PMID:9892692   PMID:9933608   PMID:9934817   PMID:10036303   PMID:10078561   PMID:10080923   PMID:10092045   PMID:10321434   PMID:10331411   PMID:10342866  
PMID:10349636   PMID:10395190   PMID:10395195   PMID:10426376   PMID:10433218   PMID:10444504   PMID:10452866   PMID:10477145   PMID:10497230   PMID:10647060   PMID:10660043   PMID:10666131  
PMID:10698958   PMID:10708582   PMID:10708583   PMID:10711499   PMID:10726922   PMID:10742101   PMID:10778787   PMID:10799317   PMID:10799542   PMID:10818235   PMID:10854577   PMID:10854702  
PMID:10866690   PMID:10868966   PMID:10884720   PMID:10911396   PMID:10915826   PMID:10969828   PMID:10969845   PMID:11003997   PMID:11018044   PMID:11042159   PMID:11076861   PMID:11089532  
PMID:11101849   PMID:11108838   PMID:11171596   PMID:11217851   PMID:11243865   PMID:11272157   PMID:11283374   PMID:11298451   PMID:11333241   PMID:11337363   PMID:11342119   PMID:11360154  
PMID:11380073   PMID:11404285   PMID:11416008   PMID:11473632   PMID:11474118   PMID:11532192   PMID:11555837   PMID:11561013   PMID:11587528   PMID:11602618   PMID:11689269   PMID:11711563  
PMID:11713466   PMID:11756318   PMID:11777985   PMID:11801369   PMID:11861497   PMID:11967222   PMID:11980179   PMID:12006366   PMID:12010881   PMID:12091495   PMID:12107726   PMID:12136396  
PMID:12150780   PMID:12164930   PMID:12181126   PMID:12193546   PMID:12196522   PMID:12271273   PMID:12401709   PMID:12413939   PMID:12419326   PMID:12424222   PMID:12438645   PMID:12443724  
PMID:12446734   PMID:12466851   PMID:12477932   PMID:12502493   PMID:12540618   PMID:12571077   PMID:12594516   PMID:12595588   PMID:12606517   PMID:12612136   PMID:12642576   PMID:12651605  
PMID:12652657   PMID:12663540   PMID:12705865   PMID:12730408   PMID:12736165   PMID:12770749   PMID:12791674   PMID:12791994   PMID:12810823   PMID:12853417   PMID:12885755   PMID:12925533  
PMID:12932425   PMID:12943811   PMID:12947343   PMID:12951635   PMID:12957148   PMID:12960099   PMID:14525917   PMID:14525952   PMID:14527166   PMID:14530513   PMID:14551045   PMID:14578206  
PMID:14578300   PMID:14592964   PMID:14600075   PMID:14610251   PMID:14615386   PMID:14673160   PMID:14675208   PMID:14679177   PMID:14691545   PMID:14722102   PMID:14729450   PMID:14729596  
PMID:14734797   PMID:14981264   PMID:14988262   PMID:15024641   PMID:15070774   PMID:15075187   PMID:15107299   PMID:15123629   PMID:15145956   PMID:15166788   PMID:15181014   PMID:15207242  
PMID:15210844   PMID:15256362   PMID:15284196   PMID:15309293   PMID:15331609   PMID:15358114   PMID:15389315   PMID:15520383   PMID:15546000   PMID:15555610   PMID:15558058   PMID:15561935  
PMID:15563274   PMID:15582152   PMID:15604114   PMID:15613686   PMID:15616008   PMID:15616027   PMID:15644325   PMID:15654653   PMID:15672265   PMID:15685168   PMID:15737466   PMID:15741607  
PMID:15760467   PMID:15764684   PMID:15790737   PMID:15793261   PMID:15814729   PMID:15820311   PMID:15834545   PMID:15837923   PMID:15840566   PMID:15870101   PMID:15885672   PMID:15902306  
PMID:15904868   PMID:15920034   PMID:15920148   PMID:15922295   PMID:15923630   PMID:15931394   PMID:15942051   PMID:15947245   PMID:15983249   PMID:15995171   PMID:16021652   PMID:16043866  
PMID:16046298   PMID:16054045   PMID:16054060   PMID:16099070   PMID:16113078   PMID:16123339   PMID:16141072   PMID:16141073   PMID:16148943   PMID:16150820   PMID:16177004   PMID:16256069  
PMID:16282354   PMID:16297859   PMID:16321990   PMID:16326804   PMID:16327015   PMID:16327801   PMID:16330324   PMID:16330753   PMID:16336954   PMID:16339386   PMID:16339484   PMID:16352676  
PMID:16367807   PMID:16373670   PMID:16380490   PMID:16410358   PMID:16416088   PMID:16423694   PMID:16425033   PMID:16436680   PMID:16443769   PMID:16443782   PMID:16443785   PMID:16481151  
PMID:16484328   PMID:16492734   PMID:16501941   PMID:16505222   PMID:16507891   PMID:16510300   PMID:16522636   PMID:16537512   PMID:16540470   PMID:16549076   PMID:16554040   PMID:16567508  
PMID:16602821   PMID:16621799   PMID:16644677   PMID:16644679   PMID:16684815   PMID:16691291   PMID:16698021   PMID:16699072   PMID:16702471   PMID:16705160   PMID:16707098   PMID:16716264  
PMID:16723355   PMID:16735799   PMID:16751422   PMID:16763164   PMID:16777975   PMID:16781673   PMID:16794074   PMID:16804085   PMID:16814732   PMID:16820590   PMID:16820793   PMID:16825198  
PMID:16874314   PMID:16885533   PMID:16899579   PMID:16919419   PMID:16920925   PMID:16936211   PMID:16936280   PMID:16950137   PMID:16954332   PMID:16971655   PMID:16979397   PMID:16982425  
PMID:16996478   PMID:16997836   PMID:16997891   PMID:16998795   PMID:17003339   PMID:17011502   PMID:17020752   PMID:17021368   PMID:17023554   PMID:17035503   PMID:17065336   PMID:17084711  
PMID:17084712   PMID:17095713   PMID:17122193   PMID:17125143   PMID:17182038   PMID:17200442   PMID:17202326   PMID:17202473   PMID:17202587   PMID:17213470   PMID:17237245   PMID:17259395  
PMID:17267571   PMID:17268472   PMID:17268797   PMID:17275236   PMID:17287464   PMID:17289847   PMID:17307705   PMID:17323382   PMID:17347480   PMID:17360690   PMID:17360984   PMID:17369526  
PMID:17387171   PMID:17389330   PMID:17392158   PMID:17392166   PMID:17400175   PMID:17415414   PMID:17456854   PMID:17495001   PMID:17513737   PMID:17525261   PMID:17551591   PMID:17561514  
PMID:17565041   PMID:17595213   PMID:17601992   PMID:17617622   PMID:17620316   PMID:17623815   PMID:17623817   PMID:17630348   PMID:17639021   PMID:17640995   PMID:17660268   PMID:17680264  
PMID:17686962   PMID:17690315   PMID:17726024   PMID:17728393   PMID:17805301   PMID:17827403   PMID:17879067   PMID:17908560   PMID:17909627   PMID:17977949   PMID:18029445   PMID:18039787  
PMID:18042135   PMID:18054313   PMID:18065517   PMID:18068663   PMID:18083782   PMID:18096691   PMID:18097472   PMID:18162515   PMID:18165436   PMID:18171429   PMID:18171913   PMID:18182468  
PMID:18216319   PMID:18219478   PMID:18227531   PMID:18252893   PMID:18258679   PMID:18278039   PMID:18285555   PMID:18319304   PMID:18326798   PMID:18362211   PMID:18381283   PMID:18385666  
PMID:18390487   PMID:18391994   PMID:18417648   PMID:18437348   PMID:18443203   PMID:18451994   PMID:18458324   PMID:18463231   PMID:18477467   PMID:18483403   PMID:18487450   PMID:18497885  
PMID:18516053   PMID:18539754   PMID:18562627   PMID:18579525   PMID:18579779   PMID:18583419   PMID:18583460   PMID:18591389   PMID:18641279   PMID:18648588   PMID:18669602   PMID:18708447  
PMID:18718905   PMID:18725892   PMID:18753291   PMID:18758446   PMID:18762022   PMID:18776938   PMID:18790831   PMID:18840364   PMID:18843095   PMID:18854155   PMID:18957511   PMID:18971923  
PMID:18997673   PMID:19015522   PMID:19029483   PMID:19036876   PMID:19052144   PMID:19052259   PMID:19057015   PMID:19066844   PMID:19074282   PMID:19074983   PMID:19095759   PMID:19103772  
PMID:19103808   PMID:19117545   PMID:19122171   PMID:19122674   PMID:19136718   PMID:19136964   PMID:19147816   PMID:19150989   PMID:19156569   PMID:19167335   PMID:19177596   PMID:19179437  
PMID:19182604   PMID:19188430   PMID:19193947   PMID:19202066   PMID:19219422   PMID:19223399   PMID:19254698   PMID:19258313   PMID:19270710   PMID:19279251   PMID:19279558   PMID:19286944  
PMID:19295612   PMID:19309774   PMID:19336396   PMID:19350671   PMID:19356715   PMID:19363130   PMID:19401193   PMID:19429450   PMID:19429820   PMID:19450585   PMID:19458127   PMID:19460359  
PMID:19466391   PMID:19468077   PMID:19478204   PMID:19478208   PMID:19490908   PMID:19495412   PMID:19505930   PMID:19523439   PMID:19524014   PMID:19543271   PMID:19553350   PMID:19582570  
PMID:19592621   PMID:19628573   PMID:19651810   PMID:19656487   PMID:19666581   PMID:19666843   PMID:19666844   PMID:19675071   PMID:19675133   PMID:19679837   PMID:19680236   PMID:19706988  
PMID:19707743   PMID:19734360   PMID:19737523   PMID:19745193   PMID:19766595   PMID:19773578   PMID:19797171   PMID:19808894   PMID:19819955   PMID:19819959   PMID:19834009   PMID:19838201  
PMID:19841279   PMID:19847394   PMID:19861585   PMID:19894030   PMID:19920213   PMID:19940178   PMID:19955656   PMID:19955657   PMID:19961738   PMID:19996103   PMID:20008269   PMID:20018982  
PMID:20068132   PMID:20068141   PMID:20074525   PMID:20086094   PMID:20103773   PMID:20130530   PMID:20150284   PMID:20151325   PMID:20164094   PMID:20182412   PMID:20193700   PMID:20209061  
PMID:20223942   PMID:20233941   PMID:20299359   PMID:20332345   PMID:20374961   PMID:20375117   PMID:20375990   PMID:20393151   PMID:20394060   PMID:20410123   PMID:20413511   PMID:20424231  
PMID:20427662   PMID:20440273   PMID:20484135   PMID:20488786   PMID:20501654   PMID:20501669   PMID:20506495   PMID:20519646   PMID:20520596   PMID:20522589   PMID:20522600   PMID:20541607  
PMID:20543078   PMID:20554929   PMID:20558823   PMID:20592471   PMID:20595619   PMID:20601111   PMID:20616080   PMID:20625397   PMID:20643953   PMID:20647313   PMID:20660625   PMID:20668241  
PMID:20686445   PMID:20686447   PMID:20691166   PMID:20691763   PMID:20699416   PMID:20699419   PMID:20713153   PMID:20713358   PMID:20713899   PMID:20728534   PMID:20739548   PMID:20802255  
PMID:20813969   PMID:20814014   PMID:20829391   PMID:20833647   PMID:20841608   PMID:20851886   PMID:20852026   PMID:20876720   PMID:20955341   PMID:20971965   PMID:20974673   PMID:21037323  
PMID:21052977   PMID:21056997   PMID:21059956   PMID:21067751   PMID:21071704   PMID:21081500   PMID:21084451   PMID:21093546   PMID:21098489   PMID:21109190   PMID:21109192   PMID:21110946  
PMID:21123564   PMID:21127070   PMID:21135134   PMID:21144823   PMID:21145759   PMID:21147843   PMID:21149549   PMID:21160171   PMID:21183787   PMID:21193740   PMID:21209012   PMID:21236337  
PMID:21237139   PMID:21239433   PMID:21248143   PMID:21263121   PMID:21264353   PMID:21267068   PMID:21267538   PMID:21270261   PMID:21270276   PMID:21282364   PMID:21285324   PMID:21289197  
PMID:21298297   PMID:21311043   PMID:21325051   PMID:21328476   PMID:21335471   PMID:21340625   PMID:21346174   PMID:21346177   PMID:21347624   PMID:21347846   PMID:21357472   PMID:21386062  
PMID:21389266   PMID:21389784   PMID:21393862   PMID:21406387   PMID:21421822   PMID:21422382   PMID:21427219   PMID:21441440   PMID:21441927   PMID:21459325   PMID:21459326   PMID:21471514  
PMID:21483433   PMID:21502286   PMID:21505143   PMID:21514417   PMID:21514435   PMID:21514444   PMID:21515377   PMID:21521693   PMID:21521753   PMID:21531340   PMID:21558549   PMID:21586558  
PMID:21586559   PMID:21586562   PMID:21593200   PMID:21602470   PMID:21606595   PMID:21606597   PMID:21614569   PMID:21616110   PMID:21617178   PMID:21636700   PMID:21641382   PMID:21674492  
PMID:21677750   PMID:21690486   PMID:21693707   PMID:21700708   PMID:21703397   PMID:21705674   PMID:21723508   PMID:21726645   PMID:21737546   PMID:21745644   PMID:21787749   PMID:21820491  
PMID:21827757   PMID:21829168   PMID:21829729   PMID:21833015   PMID:21835345   PMID:21846903   PMID:21854759   PMID:21856283   PMID:21858169   PMID:21859958   PMID:21872660   PMID:21873635  
PMID:21875904   PMID:21885854   PMID:21885871   PMID:21902452   PMID:21907138   PMID:21907142   PMID:21911379   PMID:21911743   PMID:21923664   PMID:21940782   PMID:21940783   PMID:21949705  
PMID:22010005   PMID:22016045   PMID:22020096   PMID:22021650   PMID:22037186   PMID:22037645   PMID:22048734   PMID:22055502   PMID:22067908   PMID:22081301   PMID:22086159   PMID:22087215  
PMID:22118645   PMID:22124464   PMID:22140039   PMID:22147007   PMID:22155243   PMID:22159079   PMID:22166979   PMID:22167524   PMID:22172526   PMID:22174314   PMID:22179025   PMID:22180648  
PMID:22196379   PMID:22202803   PMID:22205566   PMID:22207628   PMID:22210314   PMID:22210323   PMID:22215655   PMID:22227600   PMID:22234468   PMID:22252943   PMID:22260232   PMID:22262308  
PMID:22276206   PMID:22279209   PMID:22281595   PMID:22287654   PMID:22291185   PMID:22291999   PMID:22297845   PMID:22311416   PMID:22311417   PMID:22315313   PMID:22318992   PMID:22323652  
PMID:22326220   PMID:22326264   PMID:22326951   PMID:22326952   PMID:22326958   PMID:22328777   PMID:22334723   PMID:22341640   PMID:22355640   PMID:22357653   PMID:22357704   PMID:22362176  
PMID:22374176   PMID:22391948   PMID:22408174   PMID:22412919   PMID:22414803   PMID:22417654   PMID:22426420   PMID:22427566   PMID:22430141   PMID:22431517   PMID:22434085   PMID:22454481  
PMID:22456697   PMID:22456698   PMID:22459482   PMID:22460762   PMID:22465219   PMID:22480418   PMID:22490613   PMID:22493234   PMID:22495310   PMID:22510882   PMID:22516022   PMID:22518062  
PMID:22522563   PMID:22532369   PMID:22560222   PMID:22561304   PMID:22563086   PMID:22570335   PMID:22572804   PMID:22573263   PMID:22581041   PMID:22581287   PMID:22586591   PMID:22596049  
PMID:22596053   PMID:22609345   PMID:22610171   PMID:22649228   PMID:22664955   PMID:22684620   PMID:22685316   PMID:22724066   PMID:22728933   PMID:22733757   PMID:22739110   PMID:22750459  
PMID:22768838   PMID:22785174   PMID:22791342   PMID:22802463   PMID:22807033   PMID:22815920   PMID:22829447   PMID:22832924   PMID:22839765   PMID:22851573   PMID:22865370   PMID:22869346  
PMID:22887758   PMID:22896587   PMID:22904304   PMID:22904306   PMID:22922221   PMID:22932068   PMID:22933110   PMID:22933112   PMID:22953001   PMID:22962258   PMID:22967998   PMID:22969086  
PMID:22983607   PMID:22991462   PMID:22996663   PMID:23023133   PMID:23027538   PMID:23027617   PMID:23028378   PMID:23043160   PMID:23045458   PMID:23049681   PMID:23059459   PMID:23063524  
PMID:23069623   PMID:23069626   PMID:23070544   PMID:23085235   PMID:23103492   PMID:23115124   PMID:23119079   PMID:23138019   PMID:23139354   PMID:23142079   PMID:23142808   PMID:23145054  
PMID:23149942   PMID:23152292   PMID:23178499   PMID:23193188   PMID:23208607   PMID:23209186   PMID:23226270   PMID:23226280   PMID:23235480   PMID:23250358   PMID:23251447   PMID:23261432  
PMID:23262134   PMID:23267110   PMID:23274897   PMID:23274909   PMID:23283990   PMID:23285083   PMID:23292313   PMID:23301060   PMID:23305646   PMID:23314846   PMID:23329815   PMID:23338554  
PMID:23341784   PMID:23348573   PMID:23349481   PMID:23349490   PMID:23349495   PMID:23349501   PMID:23349838   PMID:23354051   PMID:23357182   PMID:23359322   PMID:23376064   PMID:23382219  
PMID:23389454   PMID:23401856   PMID:23408938   PMID:23413427   PMID:23416070   PMID:23417284   PMID:23417423   PMID:23429533   PMID:23431266   PMID:23434755   PMID:23434935   PMID:23441170  
PMID:23447682   PMID:23467425   PMID:23474305   PMID:23479260   PMID:23482448   PMID:23493576   PMID:23499424   PMID:23504315   PMID:23512805   PMID:23541372   PMID:23562554   PMID:23572562  
PMID:23579070   PMID:23585733   PMID:23633655   PMID:23637966   PMID:23646149   PMID:23649518   PMID:23660189   PMID:23663741   PMID:23696567   PMID:23715558   PMID:23716596   PMID:23736543  
PMID:23742173   PMID:23750273   PMID:23755269   PMID:23757342   PMID:23760291   PMID:23761103   PMID:23761674   PMID:23775071   PMID:23775767   PMID:23776077   PMID:23776696   PMID:23782941  
PMID:23785121   PMID:23793716   PMID:23801577   PMID:23812391   PMID:23825071   PMID:23825123   PMID:23825542   PMID:23827712   PMID:23828778   PMID:23836031   PMID:23836106   PMID:23842730  
PMID:23863625   PMID:23881913   PMID:23884889   PMID:23886955   PMID:23894352   PMID:23897951   PMID:23916894   PMID:23919963   PMID:23936397   PMID:23936486   PMID:23963458   PMID:23967295  
PMID:23986513   PMID:23986522   PMID:23991045   PMID:24003152   PMID:24005472   PMID:24008345   PMID:24009176   PMID:24009258