Send us a Message
Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   
Search RGD Grant Resources Citing RGD About Us Contact Us
Genes Variants Community Projects QTLs Strains Markers Genome Information Ontologies Cell Lines References Download Submit Data
OntoMate (Literature Search) JBrowse (Genome Browser) Synteny Browser (VCMap) Variant Visualizer Multi-Ontology Enrichment (MOET) Gene-Ortholog Location Finder (GOLF) InterViewer (Protein-Protein Interactions) PhenoMiner (Quatitative Phenotypes) Gene Annotator OLGA (Gene List Generator) AllianceMine GViewer (Genome Viewer)
Aging & Age-Related Disease Cancer & Neoplastic Disease Cardiovascular Disease Coronavirus Disease Developmental Disease Diabetes Hematologic Disease Immune & Inflammatory Disease Infectious Disease Liver Disease Neurological Disease Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Renal Disease Respiratory Disease Sensory Organ Disease
Find Models Genetic Models Autism Models Rat PhenoMiner (Quantitative Phenotypes) Chinchilla PhenoMiner Expected Ranges (Quantitative Phenotype) PhenoMiner Term Comparison Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Phenotypes Phenotypes in Other Animal Models Animal Husbandry Strain Medical Records Phylogenetics Strain Availability Calendar Rats 101 Submissions Photo Archive
Pathways
Rat Community Forum Directory of Rat Laboratories Video Tutorials News RGD Publications RGD Presentations Archive Nomenclature Guidelines Resource Links Laboratory Resources Employment Resources
Advanced Search (OLGA)

CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.
Term:lactulose
go back to main search page
Accession:CHEBI:6359 term browser browse the term
Definition:A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
Synonyms:exact_synonym: 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-fructofuranose
 related_synonym: 4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose;   4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructose;   D-Lactulose;   Formula=C12H22O11;   InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)7(17)8(18)11(21-4)22-9-5(2-14)23-12(20,3-15)10(9)19/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12-/m1/s1;   InChIKey=JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N;   SMILES=OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CO)O[C@](O)(CO)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O;   lactulosa;   lactulosum
 alt_id: CHEBI:302765
 xref: Beilstein:93773;   CAS:4618-18-2;   DrugBank:DB00581;   HMDB:HMDB0000740;   KEGG:C07064;   KEGG:D00352;   KEGG:G03573
 xref_mesh: MESH:D007792
 xref: PMID:11020286;   PMID:12927899;   PMID:15735433;   PMID:23353997;   PMID:2432147;   PMID:25300228;   PMID:25466139;   PMID:25586470;   PMID:25700936;   PMID:25800379;   PMID:25835949;   PMID:25916046;   PMID:25935392;   Wikipedia:Lactulose


show annotations for term's descendants           Sort by:
lactulose term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Bag3 BAG cochaperone 3 increases expression ISO Lactulose results in increased expression of BAG3 mRNA CTD PMID:30335591 NCBI chr 1:183,103,038...183,126,862
Ensembl chr 1:183,102,871...183,126,858 		JBrowse link
G Casp3 caspase 3 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of CASP3 protein modified form]; Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Thioacetamide results in increased expression of CASP3 protein] CTD PMID:30450033 PMID:35961375 NCBI chr16:45,662,910...45,681,171
Ensembl chr16:45,662,910...45,684,648 		JBrowse link
G Egfr epidermal growth factor receptor multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in increased expression of EGFR mRNA]; Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in increased expression of EGFR protein] CTD PMID:36414212 NCBI chr14:91,176,979...91,349,722
Ensembl chr14:91,177,067...91,344,382 		JBrowse link
G Gpt glutamic--pyruvic transaminase multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in increased expression of GPT protein] CTD PMID:36414212 NCBI chr 7:108,416,646...108,419,495
Ensembl chr 7:108,416,642...108,419,494 		JBrowse link
G Hmox1 heme oxygenase 1 increases expression EXP Lactulose results in increased expression of HMOX1 mRNA CTD PMID:30450033 NCBI chr19:13,466,287...13,474,082
Ensembl chr19:13,467,244...13,474,079 		JBrowse link
G Hp haptoglobin multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in increased expression of HP protein] CTD PMID:36414212 NCBI chr19:37,539,626...37,544,178
Ensembl chr19:37,539,627...37,544,523 		JBrowse link
G Hspb8 heat shock protein family B (small) member 8 increases expression ISO Lactulose results in increased expression of HSPB8 mRNA CTD PMID:30335591 NCBI chr12:40,176,405...40,205,002
Ensembl chr12:40,176,532...40,191,185 		JBrowse link
G Il1b interleukin 1 beta multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of IL1B protein] CTD PMID:30450033 NCBI chr 3:116,577,005...116,583,386
Ensembl chr 3:116,577,010...116,583,415 		JBrowse link
G Il6 interleukin 6 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in increased expression of IL6 protein]; Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of IL6 protein] CTD PMID:30450033 PMID:36414212 NCBI chr 4:5,214,602...5,219,178
Ensembl chr 4:5,213,394...5,219,178 		JBrowse link
G Map1lc3b microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta increases expression ISO Lactulose results in increased expression of MAP1LC3B mRNA CTD PMID:30335591 NCBI chr19:49,665,795...49,673,655
Ensembl chr19:49,665,791...49,677,690 		JBrowse link
G Map3k5 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Thioacetamide results in increased expression of MAP3K5 protein] CTD PMID:35961375 NCBI chr 1:14,685,776...14,904,935
Ensembl chr 1:14,685,492...14,904,800 		JBrowse link
G Mapk8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Thioacetamide results in increased expression of MAPK8 protein] CTD PMID:35961375 NCBI chr16:8,638,897...8,721,960
Ensembl chr16:8,638,924...8,721,981 		JBrowse link
G Maz MYC associated zinc finger protein multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in decreased expression of MAZ mRNA]; Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in decreased expression of MAZ protein] CTD PMID:36414212 NCBI chr 1:181,629,742...181,635,193
Ensembl chr 1:181,629,729...181,650,408 		JBrowse link
G Mir34c microRNA 34c multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in increased expression of MIR34C mRNA] CTD PMID:36414212 NCBI chr 8:51,409,726...51,409,802
Ensembl chr 8:51,409,726...51,409,802 		JBrowse link
G Myd88 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of MYD88 protein] CTD PMID:30450033 NCBI chr 8:119,074,439...119,078,508
Ensembl chr 8:119,074,437...119,079,415 		JBrowse link
G Nfe2l2 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose promotes the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of NFE2L2 mRNA] CTD PMID:30450033 NCBI chr 3:60,594,239...60,621,712
Ensembl chr 3:60,594,242...60,621,737 		JBrowse link
G Nfkb1 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Thioacetamide results in increased expression of NFKB1 protein] CTD PMID:35961375 NCBI chr 2:224,016,214...224,132,135
Ensembl chr 2:224,016,214...224,110,404 		JBrowse link
G Ocln occludin multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in decreased expression of OCLN mRNA]; Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in decreased expression of OCLN protein] CTD PMID:36414212 NCBI chr 2:31,657,217...31,707,466
Ensembl chr 2:31,657,220...31,764,150 		JBrowse link
G Parp1 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of PARP1 protein modified form] CTD PMID:30450033 NCBI chr13:92,307,593...92,339,406
Ensembl chr13:92,307,586...92,339,404 		JBrowse link
G Pik3r1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Thioacetamide results in decreased phosphorylation of PIK3R1 protein] CTD PMID:35961375 NCBI chr 2:32,878,942...32,963,668
Ensembl chr 2:32,882,032...32,963,631 		JBrowse link
G Rela RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of RELA protein] CTD PMID:30450033 NCBI chr 1:202,925,001...202,935,484
Ensembl chr 1:202,924,945...202,935,484 		JBrowse link
G Sqstm1 sequestosome 1 multiple interactions
increases expression		 EXP
ISO		 Lactulose promotes the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of SQSTM1 mRNA]
Lactulose results in increased expression of SQSTM1 mRNA		 CTD PMID:30335591 PMID:30450033 NCBI chr10:34,525,517...34,536,670
Ensembl chr10:34,525,519...34,536,673 		JBrowse link
G Tfeb transcription factor EB affects localization
multiple interactions		 ISO Lactulose affects the localization of TFEB protein
Cyclosporine inhibits the reaction [Lactulose affects the localization of TFEB protein]		 CTD PMID:30335591 NCBI chr 9:13,198,890...13,254,726
Ensembl chr 9:13,198,891...13,254,714 		JBrowse link
G Tjp1 tight junction protein 1 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in decreased expression of TJP1 mRNA]; Lactulose inhibits the reaction [[Thioacetamide co-treated with Galactosamine co-treated with Lipopolysaccharides] results in decreased expression of TJP1 protein] CTD PMID:36414212 NCBI chr 1:118,849,838...119,094,492
Ensembl chr 1:118,849,838...119,094,432 		JBrowse link
G Tlr4 toll-like receptor 4 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of TLR4 protein] CTD PMID:30450033 NCBI chr 5:80,145,867...80,159,501
Ensembl chr 5:80,145,826...80,159,628 		JBrowse link
G Tnf tumor necrosis factor multiple interactions ISO
EXP		 Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Lipopolysaccharides results in increased expression of TNF protein]
Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of TNF protein]; Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Thioacetamide results in increased expression of TNF protein]		 CTD PMID:2311978 PMID:30450033 PMID:35961375 NCBI chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629
Ensembl chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629 		JBrowse link
G Traf6 TNF receptor associated factor 6 multiple interactions EXP Lactulose inhibits the reaction [Methamphetamine results in increased expression of TRAF6 protein] CTD PMID:30450033 NCBI chr 3:87,963,517...87,988,316
Ensembl chr 3:87,963,514...87,983,507 		JBrowse link
G Zkscan3 zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 increases expression ISO Lactulose results in increased expression of ZKSCAN3 mRNA CTD PMID:30335591 NCBI chr17:43,217,168...43,232,828
Ensembl chr17:43,217,222...43,232,827 		JBrowse link
Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19911
    role 19854
      application 19722
        pharmaceutical 19556
          drug 19556
            gastrointestinal drug 379
              lactulose 28
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19911
    subatomic particle 19909
      composite particle 19909
        hadron 19880
          baryon 19880
            nucleon 19909
              atomic nucleus 19880
                atom 19909
                  main group element atom 19849
                    p-block element atom 19849
                      carbon group element atom 19766
                        carbon atom 19785
                          organic molecular entity 19785
                            heteroorganic entity 19541
                              organochalcogen compound 19301
                                organooxygen compound 19193
                                  carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives 15275
                                    carbohydrate 15302
                                      oligosaccharide 625
                                        disaccharide 531
                                          glycosylfructose 28
                                            lactulose 28
paths to the root