cobalt coordination entity - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database

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The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.

Term:	cobalt coordination entity	go back to main search page
Accession:	CHEBI:33890	browse the term
Synonyms:	related_synonym:	cobalt coordination compounds; cobalt coordination entities

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Rat (111) Mouse (113) Human (109) Chinchilla (0) Bonobo (0) Dog (0) Squirrel (0) Pig (9) Green Monkey (0) Naked Mole-rat (0) All
Genes (111)

cobamamide

term browser

Symbol

Object Name

Qualifiers

Evidence

Notes

Source

PubMed Reference(s)

RGD Reference(s)

Position

G

glutathione S-transferase pi 1

multiple interactions

cobamamide inhibits the reaction [GSTP1 protein results in increased metabolism of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-glutathione conjugate]

NCBI chr 1:201,337,762...201,340,230
Ensembl chr 1:201,321,672...201,340,226

cyanocob(III)alamin

term browser

Symbol

Object Name

Qualifiers

Evidence

Notes

Source

PubMed Reference(s)

RGD Reference(s)

Position

G

ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1A

decreases expression
multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 results in decreased expression of ABCB1 mRNA; Vitamin B 12 results in decreased expression of ABCB1 protein
Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in increased expression of ABCB1 mRNA]

NCBI chr 4:25,357,467...25,529,941
Ensembl chr 4:25,158,362...25,442,709

G

ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of ABCC4 mRNA

NCBI chr15:95,541,186...95,774,898
Ensembl chr15:95,542,315...95,774,283

G

ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 4

affects metabolic processing

ABCD4 protein affects the metabolism of Vitamin B 12

NCBI chr 6:104,246,459...104,260,965
Ensembl chr 6:104,246,468...104,280,276

G

acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha

multiple interactions

[Choline co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Dietary Fats co-treated with Dietary Sucrose] results in increased expression of ACACA mRNA

NCBI chr10:69,014,261...69,276,453
Ensembl chr10:69,014,170...69,276,457

G

acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of ACACB mRNA

NCBI chr12:42,365,800...42,477,651
Ensembl chr12:42,366,548...42,457,655

G

actin alpha 2, smooth muscle

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Dimethylnitrosamine results in increased expression of ACTA2 mRNA]

NCBI chr 1:231,746,527...231,759,307
Ensembl chr 1:231,746,548...231,759,554

G

adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of ADGRG2 mRNA

NCBI chr X:34,297,402...34,422,590
Ensembl chr X:34,297,402...34,422,609

G

aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B7

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of AKR1B7 mRNA

NCBI chr 4:63,053,560...63,100,934
Ensembl chr 4:63,076,800...63,089,502

G

aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member

multiple interactions

[Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Methionine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc Sulfate co-treated with Ethanol] results in increased expression of ALDH2 protein

NCBI chr12:34,949,549...34,982,527
Ensembl chr12:34,901,219...34,982,521

G

arsenite methyltransferase

multiple interactions

Folic Acid promotes the reaction [Vitamin B 12 promotes the reaction [AS3MT protein results in increased methylation of Arsenic]]; Vitamin B 12 promotes the reaction [AS3MT protein results in increased methylation of Arsenic]

NCBI chr 1:245,595,939...245,628,921
Ensembl chr 1:245,596,108...245,627,872

G

axin 1

multiple interactions

[Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Choline] results in increased methylation of AXIN1 gene

NCBI chr10:15,163,477...15,215,615
Ensembl chr10:15,163,684...15,215,615

G

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of BDNF protein]

NCBI chr 3:96,165,042...96,215,621
Ensembl chr 3:96,165,042...96,215,615

G

caspase 3

multiple interactions

Folic Acid inhibits the reaction [Vitamin B 12 promotes the reaction [Dietary Fats results in increased expression of CASP3 mRNA]]; Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased cleavage of CASP3 protein]; Vitamin B 12 promotes the reaction [Dietary Fats results in increased expression of CASP3 mRNA]

PMID:23935743 PMID:38049026

NCBI chr16:45,662,910...45,681,171
Ensembl chr16:45,662,910...45,684,648

G

caspase 8

multiple interactions

Folic Acid inhibits the reaction [Vitamin B 12 promotes the reaction [Dietary Fats results in increased expression of CASP8 mRNA]]; Vitamin B 12 promotes the reaction [Dietary Fats results in increased expression of CASP8 mRNA]

NCBI chr 9:60,263,863...60,312,542
Ensembl chr 9:60,264,075...60,312,542

G

catalase

multiple interactions

[Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Methionine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc Sulfate co-treated with Ethanol] results in increased activity of CAT protein
Vitamin B 12 promotes the reaction [Folic Acid inhibits the reaction [arsenic trioxide results in decreased activity of CAT protein]]

PMID:16214333 PMID:20118189

NCBI chr 3:89,842,393...89,874,577
Ensembl chr 3:89,842,399...89,874,478

G

cystathionine beta synthase

multiple interactions

[Fatty Acids, Omega-3 co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of CBS mRNA; [Fatty Acids, Omega-3 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of CBS mRNA; [Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of CBS mRNA

NCBI chr20:9,708,089...9,732,623
Ensembl chr20:9,708,090...9,732,764

G

C-C motif chemokine ligand 2

multiple interactions

[Choline co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Dietary Fats co-treated with Dietary Sucrose] results in decreased expression of CCL2 mRNA

NCBI chr10:67,005,424...67,007,222
Ensembl chr10:67,005,424...67,007,226

G

CD40 molecule

multiple interactions

[Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in decreased expression of CD40 mRNA

NCBI chr 3:153,790,372...153,805,279
Ensembl chr 3:153,790,449...153,805,534

G

cyclin-dependent kinase 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of CDK1 mRNA

NCBI chr20:19,266,226...19,281,417
Ensembl chr20:19,266,248...19,281,408

G

carboxylesterase 2C

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of CES2C mRNA

NCBI chr 1:260,391,190...260,398,757
Ensembl chr 1:260,388,902...260,398,790

G

cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of CLCF1 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:201,507,763...201,517,607
Ensembl chr 1:201,507,859...201,517,605

G

C-reactive protein

multiple interactions

[Folic Acid co-treated with Riboflavin co-treated with Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12] results in decreased expression of CRP protein; [Vitamin E co-treated with Ascorbic Acid co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Riboflavin co-treated with Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12] results in decreased expression of CRP protein

NCBI chr13:85,135,384...85,175,178
Ensembl chr13:85,124,977...85,175,178

G

cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of CYP26A1 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:235,471,368...235,475,204
Ensembl chr 1:235,471,298...235,475,204

G

cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 3

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of CYP2B10 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:81,652,762...81,732,153
Ensembl chr 1:81,652,787...81,732,143

G

cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 24

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of CYP2C55 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:236,873,967...236,936,238
Ensembl chr 1:236,873,967...236,936,238

G

cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1

multiple interactions

[Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Methionine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc Sulfate] inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in increased expression of CYP2E1 protein]

NCBI chr 1:195,840,330...195,850,728
Ensembl chr 1:195,840,058...195,864,023

G

DNA-damage inducible transcript 3

multiple interactions

[Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in increased expression of DDIT3 protein]
Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased expression of DDIT3 protein]

PMID:37263574 PMID:38049026

NCBI chr 7:63,115,645...63,121,203
Ensembl chr 7:63,116,380...63,121,201

G

DEPP autophagy regulator 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of DEPP1 mRNA

NCBI chr 4:149,910,794...149,913,013
Ensembl chr 4:149,910,779...149,914,542

G

E2F transcription factor 8

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of E2F8 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:98,565,717...98,584,265
Ensembl chr 1:98,565,717...98,584,098

G

epidermal growth factor receptor

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of EGFR mRNA

NCBI chr14:91,176,979...91,349,722
Ensembl chr14:91,177,067...91,344,382

G

early growth response 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of EGR1 mRNA

NCBI chr18:26,462,967...26,466,766
Ensembl chr18:26,462,981...26,466,766

G

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased phosphorylation of EIF2AK3 protein]

NCBI chr 4:102,805,495...102,866,914
Ensembl chr 4:102,805,510...102,866,911

G

establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of ESCO2 mRNA

NCBI chr15:40,034,566...40,052,295
Ensembl chr15:40,034,568...40,055,306

G

fatty acid binding protein 5

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of FABP5 mRNA

NCBI chr 2:91,765,056...91,768,716
Ensembl chr 2:91,765,056...91,853,773

G

fatty acid desaturase 1

multiple interactions

[Fatty Acids, Omega-3 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in decreased expression of FADS1 mRNA; [Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in decreased expression of FADS1 mRNA; [Vitamin B 12 deficiency co-treated with Fatty Acids, Omega-3] results in decreased activity of FADS1 protein; Folic Acid inhibits the reaction [[Fatty Acids, Omega-3 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in decreased expression of FADS1 mRNA]; Folic Acid promotes the reaction [[Vitamin B 12 deficiency co-treated with Fatty Acids, Omega-3] results in decreased activity of FADS1 protein]; Vitamin B 12 deficiency promotes the reaction [Folic Acid results in increased activity of FADS1 protein]

NCBI chr 1:206,827,724...206,842,734
Ensembl chr 1:206,827,765...206,842,734

G

fatty acid desaturase 2

multiple interactions

[Vitamin B 12 deficiency co-treated with Fatty Acids, Omega-3] results in decreased activity of FADS2 protein; [Vitamin B 12 deficiency co-treated with Folic Acid] results in decreased activity of FADS2 protein; Folic Acid inhibits the reaction [[Vitamin B 12 deficiency co-treated with Fatty Acids, Omega-3] results in decreased activity of FADS2 protein]

NCBI chr 1:206,707,384...206,747,333
Ensembl chr 1:206,708,783...206,748,789

G

fatty acid synthase

multiple interactions

[Choline co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] affects the reaction [[Dietary Fats co-treated with Dietary Sucrose] affects the methylation of FASN promoter]

NCBI chr10:106,072,093...106,090,259
Ensembl chr10:106,072,091...106,090,261

G

folate hydrolase 1

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 affects the reaction [FOLH1 gene SNP affects the susceptibility to and affects the metabolism of Arsenic]

NCBI chr 1:140,428,101...140,501,563
Ensembl chr 1:140,428,101...140,501,379

G

fucosyltransferase 2

affects abundance

FUT2 gene polymorphism affects the abundance of Vitamin B 12

NCBI chr 1:96,119,549...96,139,567
Ensembl chr 1:96,119,371...96,140,360

G

growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of GADD45B mRNA

NCBI chr 7:8,778,004...8,780,306
Ensembl chr 7:8,778,007...8,780,046

G

growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of GADD45G mRNA

NCBI chr17:13,376,842...13,378,587
Ensembl chr17:13,376,839...13,378,610

G

glucokinase

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in increased expression of GCK mRNA

NCBI chr14:80,785,060...80,829,842
Ensembl chr14:80,785,060...80,826,995

G

glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of GDNF protein]

NCBI chr 2:56,894,022...56,919,935
Ensembl chr 2:56,895,010...56,917,209

G

glial fibrillary acidic protein

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased expression of GFAP protein]

NCBI chr10:87,852,891...87,861,631
Ensembl chr10:87,852,890...87,861,589

G

G protein subunit alpha 14

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of GNA14 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:213,714,993...213,900,083
Ensembl chr 1:213,716,020...213,897,423

G

glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of GPCPD1 mRNA

NCBI chr 3:119,787,681...119,832,550
Ensembl chr 3:119,787,682...119,832,517

G

glutathione S-transferase alpha 5

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of GSTA5 mRNA; [Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in increased expression of GSTA5 mRNA

NCBI chr 8:79,105,561...79,117,472
Ensembl chr 8:79,105,661...79,117,472

G

glutathione S-transferase, mu 5

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of GSTM3 mRNA

NCBI chr 2:195,531,599...195,534,562
Ensembl chr 2:195,531,495...195,534,553

G

guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1

multiple interactions

3-(4-Amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidine-2-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridine promotes the reaction [Vitamin B 12 results in increased activity of [GUCY1A1 protein binds to GUCY1B1 protein]]; Vitamin B 12 results in increased activity of [GUCY1A1 protein binds to GUCY1B1 protein]

NCBI chr 2:167,418,615...167,482,293
Ensembl chr 2:167,418,640...167,481,671

G

guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1

multiple interactions

3-(4-Amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidine-2-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridine promotes the reaction [Vitamin B 12 results in increased activity of [GUCY1A1 protein binds to GUCY1B1 protein]]; Vitamin B 12 results in increased activity of [GUCY1A1 protein binds to GUCY1B1 protein]

NCBI chr 2:167,348,824...167,398,983
Ensembl chr 2:167,348,825...167,398,916

G

hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1

multiple interactions

[Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in increased expression of HAVCR1 protein]

NCBI chr10:31,118,667...31,151,730
Ensembl chr10:31,119,088...31,151,698

G

hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 2

affects expression
affects glycosylation

Vitamin B 12 affects the expression of HBA1 protein modified form
Vitamin B 12 affects the glycosylation of HBA1 protein

NCBI chr10:15,323,830...15,324,677
Ensembl chr10:15,307,815...15,338,392
Ensembl chr10:15,307,815...15,338,392

G

heme oxygenase 1

multiple interactions

[Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in decreased expression of HMOX1 protein]

NCBI chr19:13,466,287...13,474,082
Ensembl chr19:13,467,244...13,474,079

G

heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased expression of HSPA5 protein]
[Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in increased expression of HSPA5 protein]

PMID:37263574 PMID:38049026

NCBI chr 3:18,055,507...18,059,969
Ensembl chr 3:18,055,405...18,059,891

G

interleukin 1 beta

increases methylation
multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 results in increased methylation of IL1B gene
[Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in decreased expression of IL1B mRNA; [Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in decreased secretion of IL1B protein; [Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased methylation of IL1B gene

NCBI chr 3:116,577,005...116,583,386
Ensembl chr 3:116,577,010...116,583,415

G

interleukin 6

multiple interactions

[Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12] inhibits the reaction [arsenic trioxide results in increased expression of IL6 protein]

NCBI chr 4:5,214,602...5,219,178
Ensembl chr 4:5,213,394...5,219,178

G

insulin receptor substrate 2

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of IRS2 mRNA

NCBI chr16:78,488,249...78,512,482
Ensembl chr16:78,485,045...78,512,482

G

integrin subunit alpha 8

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of ITGA8 mRNA

NCBI chr17:75,304,004...75,501,510
Ensembl chr17:75,304,008...75,501,510

G

integrin subunit beta 4

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of ITGB4 mRNA

NCBI chr10:101,206,657...101,243,012
Ensembl chr10:101,206,665...101,243,012

G

keratin 4

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of KRT4 mRNA

NCBI chr 7:133,046,067...133,052,027
Ensembl chr 7:133,046,515...133,052,019

G

kynureninase

multiple interactions

[Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12] inhibits the reaction [Rotenone results in decreased expression of KYNU mRNA]

NCBI chr 3:27,778,646...27,929,470
Ensembl chr 3:27,778,772...27,929,488

G

leptin receptor

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of LEPR mRNA

NCBI chr 5:116,294,409...116,477,904
Ensembl chr 5:116,289,823...116,475,908

G

LRAT domain containing 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of LRATD1 mRNA

NCBI chr 6:36,916,969...36,922,143
Ensembl chr 6:36,913,469...36,922,319

G

leucine rich repeat containing 24

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of LRRC24 mRNA

NCBI chr 7:108,437,296...108,444,561
Ensembl chr 7:108,437,296...108,444,438

G

monoamine oxidase B

decreases activity

Vitamin B 12 results in decreased activity of MAOB protein

NCBI chr X:5,907,327...6,010,996
Ensembl chr X:5,907,266...6,011,003

G

microtubule-associated protein 2

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of MAP2 protein]

NCBI chr 9:67,723,422...67,981,886
Ensembl chr 9:67,723,371...67,979,809

G

mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of MAP4K1 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:84,270,951...84,292,496
Ensembl chr 1:84,271,069...84,292,493

G

mitogen activated protein kinase 1

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [O(2)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-((4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK1 protein]

NCBI chr11:83,957,813...84,023,629
Ensembl chr11:83,957,813...84,023,616

G

methionine adenosyltransferase 2A

multiple interactions

[Fatty Acids, Omega-3 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of MAT2A mRNA; [Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of MAT2A mRNA; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 promotes the reaction [[Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of MAT2A mRNA]

NCBI chr 4:104,489,877...104,495,447
Ensembl chr 4:104,488,466...104,495,493

G

myelin basic protein

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of MBP protein]

NCBI chr18:75,855,878...75,966,404
Ensembl chr18:75,855,878...75,966,404

G

minichromosome maintenance complex component 5

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of MCM5 mRNA

NCBI chr19:13,483,030...13,504,389
Ensembl chr19:13,483,066...13,504,389

G

minichromosome maintenance complex component 6

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of MCM6 mRNA

NCBI chr13:39,826,745...39,851,937
Ensembl chr13:39,826,763...39,851,960

G

microtubule associated monooxygenase, calponin and LIM domain containing 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of MICAL1 mRNA

NCBI chr20:44,974,137...44,986,089
Ensembl chr20:44,974,138...44,986,089

G

marker of proliferation Ki-67

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of MKI67 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:190,496,319...190,522,983
Ensembl chr 1:190,496,319...190,522,762

G

metabolism of cobalamin associated C

increases metabolic processing
affects binding
decreases metabolic processing

MMACHC protein results in increased metabolism of Vitamin B 12
Vitamin B 12 analog binds to MMACHC protein; Vitamin B 12 binds to MMACHC protein
MMACHC protein mutant form results in decreased metabolism of Vitamin B 12

NCBI chr 5:130,166,056...130,172,735
Ensembl chr 5:130,166,451...130,172,601

G

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

decreases expression
multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 deficiency results in decreased expression of MTHFR mRNA
[Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in decreased expression of MTHFR mRNA; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 inhibits the reaction [Vitamin B 12 deficiency results in decreased expression of MTHFR mRNA]

NCBI chr 5:158,465,248...158,484,999
Ensembl chr 5:158,465,296...158,483,797

G

5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase

affects binding
multiple interactions
increases activity

Vitamin B 12 binds to MTR protein
[Fatty Acids, Omega-3 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in decreased expression of MTR mRNA; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 promotes the reaction [Vitamin B 12 deficiency inhibits the reaction [Fatty Acids, Omega-3 results in increased expression of MTR mRNA]]; Vitamin B 12 deficiency inhibits the reaction [Fatty Acids, Omega-3 results in increased expression of MTR mRNA]
Vitamin B 12 results in increased activity of MTR protein

PMID:17477549 PMID:17982279 PMID:25003120

NCBI chr17:58,219,998...58,308,560
Ensembl chr17:58,220,071...58,304,822

G

MYCL proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of MYCL mRNA

NCBI chr 5:135,274,713...135,281,584
Ensembl chr 5:135,274,748...135,281,582

G

neutrophil cytosolic factor 1

multiple interactions

[Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in increased expression of NCF1 protein]

NCBI chr12:22,485,382...22,494,647
Ensembl chr12:22,485,451...22,494,646

G

NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2

multiple interactions

[Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in decreased expression of NFE2L2 protein]

NCBI chr 3:60,594,239...60,621,712
Ensembl chr 3:60,594,242...60,621,737

G

nerve growth factor

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of NGF protein]

NCBI chr 2:189,901,058...189,954,452
Ensembl chr 2:189,901,058...189,954,452

G

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of NLRP12 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:65,932,610...65,969,873
Ensembl chr 1:65,932,595...65,960,934

G

neuropeptide Y

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 affects the reaction [bisphenol A affects the expression of NPY mRNA]

NCBI chr 4:78,881,294...78,888,495
Ensembl chr 4:78,881,264...78,888,495

G

NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1

multiple interactions

[Vitamin B 6 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in decreased expression of NQO1 protein]

NCBI chr19:35,295,633...35,310,528
Ensembl chr19:35,295,573...35,310,557

G

phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

multiple interactions

[Fatty Acids, Omega-3 co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of PEMT mRNA; [Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of PEMT mRNA; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 inhibits the reaction [[Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12 deficiency] results in increased expression of PEMT mRNA]

NCBI chr10:44,775,910...44,849,990
Ensembl chr10:44,775,911...44,850,013

G

period circadian regulator 2

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in increased expression of PER2 mRNA

NCBI chr 9:92,007,289...92,049,551
Ensembl chr 9:92,007,296...92,049,459

G

peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha

multiple interactions

[Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Methionine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc Sulfate co-treated with Ethanol] results in increased expression of PPARA protein

NCBI chr 7:116,832,405...116,900,878
Ensembl chr 7:116,832,756...116,895,346

G

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

multiple interactions

[Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12] inhibits the reaction [Dietary Fats results in decreased expression of PPARG mRNA]; Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Dietary Fats results in decreased expression of PPARG mRNA]

NCBI chr 4:148,423,102...148,548,471
Ensembl chr 4:148,423,194...148,548,468

G

protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3G

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of PPP1R3G mRNA

NCBI chr17:28,874,956...28,878,288
Ensembl chr17:28,876,482...28,877,525

G

serine protease 8

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of PRSS8 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:182,536,229...182,540,745
Ensembl chr 1:182,536,229...182,540,815

G

regulatory factor X4

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of RFX4 mRNA

NCBI chr 7:18,853,065...19,015,378
Ensembl chr 7:18,853,322...19,014,967

G

regulator of G-protein signaling 16

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of RGS16 mRNA

NCBI chr13:65,887,668...65,892,862
Ensembl chr13:65,887,530...65,892,857

G

ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of RRM2 mRNA

NCBI chr 6:41,339,858...41,346,774
Ensembl chr 6:41,340,557...41,346,773

G

S100 calcium binding protein A8

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of S100A8 mRNA

NCBI chr 2:176,166,517...176,167,645
Ensembl chr 2:176,167,124...176,167,643

G

serpin family E member 1

multiple interactions
increases methylation

[Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased expression of SERPINE1 mRNA; [Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased methylation of SERPINE1 gene
Vitamin B 12 results in increased methylation of SERPINE1 gene

NCBI chr12:19,601,272...19,611,657
Ensembl chr12:19,601,272...19,611,657

G

serpin family H member 1

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Dimethylnitrosamine results in increased expression of SERPINH1 mRNA]

NCBI chr 1:153,643,500...153,650,853
Ensembl chr 1:153,643,510...153,650,801

G

solute carrier family 25, member 30

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of SLC25A30 mRNA

NCBI chr15:51,076,998...51,099,613
Ensembl chr15:51,077,002...51,099,613

G

suppressor of cytokine signaling 2

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of SOCS2 mRNA

NCBI chr 7:30,006,360...30,045,161
Ensembl chr 7:30,008,578...30,043,548

G

sulfotransferase family 1E member 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc co-treated with Phenobarbital] results in increased expression of SULT1E1 mRNA

NCBI chr14:20,422,324...20,439,562
Ensembl chr14:20,422,324...20,439,275

G

synaptophysin

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of SYP protein]

NCBI chr X:14,849,444...14,864,553
Ensembl chr X:14,849,444...14,864,745

G

transcobalamin 2

multiple interactions

TCN2 protein binds to and results in increased uptake of Vitamin B 12

NCBI chr14:78,813,343...78,828,549
Ensembl chr14:78,813,343...78,828,489

G

tyrosine hydroxylase

multiple interactions

Vitamin B 12 inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of TH protein]

NCBI chr 1:198,071,500...198,078,832
Ensembl chr 1:198,071,503...198,109,767

G

tumor necrosis factor

multiple interactions

[Folic Acid co-treated with Vitamin B 12] inhibits the reaction [arsenic trioxide results in increased expression of TNF protein]
[Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in decreased expression of TNF mRNA; [Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in decreased secretion of TNF protein

PMID:16214333 PMID:30116142

NCBI chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629
Ensembl chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629

G

unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of ULK1 mRNA

NCBI chr12:45,851,710...45,877,966
Ensembl chr12:45,851,710...45,877,966

G

ubiquitin specific peptidase 2

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in increased expression of USP2 mRNA

NCBI chr 8:44,411,457...44,439,668
Ensembl chr 8:44,411,607...44,438,331

G

vanin 1

multiple interactions

[Methionine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Zinc] results in decreased expression of VNN1 mRNA

NCBI chr 1:21,537,084...21,547,395
Ensembl chr 1:21,537,094...21,547,395

glutathionylcobalamin

term browser

Symbol

Object Name

Qualifiers

Evidence

Notes

Source

PubMed Reference(s)

RGD Reference(s)

Position

G

5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase

multiple interactions

[glutathionylcobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form

NCBI chr17:58,219,998...58,308,560
Ensembl chr17:58,220,071...58,304,822

hydroxocobalamin

term browser

Symbol

Object Name

Qualifiers

Evidence

Notes

Source

PubMed Reference(s)

RGD Reference(s)

Position

G

guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1

multiple interactions

Hydroxocobalamin results in increased activity of [GUCY1A1 protein binds to GUCY1B1 protein]

NCBI chr 2:167,418,615...167,482,293
Ensembl chr 2:167,418,640...167,481,671

G

guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1

multiple interactions

Hydroxocobalamin results in increased activity of [GUCY1A1 protein binds to GUCY1B1 protein]

NCBI chr 2:167,348,824...167,398,983
Ensembl chr 2:167,348,825...167,398,916

G

metabolism of cobalamin associated C

affects binding

Hydroxocobalamin binds to MMACHC protein

NCBI chr 5:130,166,056...130,172,735
Ensembl chr 5:130,166,451...130,172,601

G

5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase

multiple interactions

[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form; Aluminum inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Arsenic inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Buthionine Sulfoximine inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Glutathione inhibits the reaction [Buthionine Sulfoximine inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]]; Glutathione inhibits the reaction [Thimerosal inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]]; Glutathione promotes the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Lead inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [Buthionine Sulfoximine inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]]; Mercury inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Thimerosal inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]

NCBI chr17:58,219,998...58,308,560
Ensembl chr17:58,220,071...58,304,822

methylcobalamin

term browser

Symbol

Object Name

Qualifiers

Evidence

Notes

Source

PubMed Reference(s)

RGD Reference(s)

Position

G

calpain 1

multiple interactions

mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [[sodium arsenite results in increased abundance of Arsenic] which results in increased expression of CAPN1 protein]

NCBI chr 1:203,275,912...203,300,848
Ensembl chr 1:203,277,344...203,300,177

G

caspase 3

multiple interactions

mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [Homocysteine results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]

NCBI chr16:45,662,910...45,681,171
Ensembl chr16:45,662,910...45,684,648

G

caspase 7

multiple interactions

mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [Homocysteine results in increased activity of CASP7 protein]

NCBI chr 1:255,437,438...255,476,737
Ensembl chr 1:255,437,172...255,476,729

G

interferon gamma

multiple interactions

mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [[sodium arsenite results in increased abundance of Arsenic] which results in increased expression of IFNG protein]

NCBI chr 7:53,903,339...53,907,375
Ensembl chr 7:53,903,337...53,907,375

G

myelin basic protein

multiple interactions

mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [Thioacetamide results in decreased expression of MBP mRNA]; mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [Thioacetamide results in decreased expression of MBP protein]

NCBI chr18:75,855,878...75,966,404
Ensembl chr18:75,855,878...75,966,404

G

matrix metallopeptidase 2

multiple interactions

mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [[sodium arsenite results in increased abundance of Arsenic] which results in increased activity of MMP2 protein]

NCBI chr19:14,154,657...14,182,870
Ensembl chr19:14,154,657...14,182,870

G

5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase

multiple interactions
increases activity

Aluminum inhibits the reaction [mecobalamin results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Arsenic inhibits the reaction [mecobalamin results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Buthionine Sulfoximine inhibits the reaction [mecobalamin results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Lead inhibits the reaction [mecobalamin results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; mecobalamin inhibits the reaction [Buthionine Sulfoximine inhibits the reaction [[Hydroxocobalamin co-treated with S-Adenosylmethionine] results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]]; Mercury inhibits the reaction [mecobalamin results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]; Thimerosal inhibits the reaction [mecobalamin results in increased activity of MTR protein alternative form]

NCBI chr17:58,219,998...58,308,560
Ensembl chr17:58,220,071...58,304,822

Term paths to the root

Path 1
Term	Annotations
CHEBI ontology	19874
chemical entity	19872
molecular entity	19872
transition element molecular entity	17435
transition element coordination entity	11731
cobalt coordination entity	111
cobalt corrinoid +	111
cobalt trinitrate	0
cobalt(II) bis(acetylacetonate)	0
cobaltocene	0
hexaamminecobalt(2+)	0
hexaamminecobalt(3+) +	0
hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride	0
hexaaquacobalt(2+)	0
hexaaquacobalt(3+)	0
hexacyanocobaltate(3-)	0
methyl-Co(2+)	0
tetrachlorocobaltate(2-)	0
tetranitratocobaltate(2-)	0
Path 2
Term	Annotations
CHEBI ontology	19874
subatomic particle	19872
composite particle	19872
hadron	19872
baryon	19872
nucleon	19872
atomic nucleus	19872
atom	19872
metal atom	18028
transition element atom	17572
d-block element atom	17567
cobalt group element atom	4449
cobalt atom	4449
cobalt molecular entity	4316
cobalt coordination entity	111
cobalt corrinoid +	111
cobalt trinitrate	0
cobalt(II) bis(acetylacetonate)	0
cobaltocene	0
hexaamminecobalt(2+)	0
hexaamminecobalt(3+) +	0
hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride	0
hexaaquacobalt(2+)	0
hexaaquacobalt(3+)	0
hexacyanocobaltate(3-)	0
methyl-Co(2+)	0
tetrachlorocobaltate(2-)	0
tetranitratocobaltate(2-)	0

paths to the root