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CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.

Term:5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid
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Accession:CHEBI:15640 term browser browse the term
Definition:A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.
Synonyms:exact_synonym: N-[4-({[2-amino-5-formyl-4-oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl]methyl}amino)benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid
 related_synonym: (5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl)glutamate;   10-Formyl-7,8-dihydrofolic acid;   5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid;   5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl-L-glutamic acid;   5-Formyltetrahydrofolate;   Acide folinique;   Folinic acid;   Formula=C20H23N7O7;   InChI=1S/C20H23N7O7/c21-20-25-16-15(18(32)26-20)27(9-28)12(8-23-16)7-22-11-3-1-10(2-4-11)17(31)24-13(19(33)34)5-6-14(29)30/h1-4,9,12-13,22H,5-8H2,(H,24,31)(H,29,30)(H,33,34)(H4,21,23,25,26,32)/t12?,13-/m0/s1;   InChIKey=VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N;   L(-)-5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid;   Leucovorin;   Leucovorinum;   N-(5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl)-L-glutamic acid;   N5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid;   N5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid;   SMILES=[H]C(=O)N1C(CNc2ccc(cc2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)CNc2nc(N)[nH]c(=O)c12;   folinate
 alt_id: CHEBI:12127;   CHEBI:18607;   CHEBI:2057
 xref: CAS:58-05-9;   DrugBank:DB03256;   Drug_Central:1232;   KEGG:C03479;   KEGG:D07986;   LINCS:LSM-5146
 xref_mesh: MESH:D002955
 xref: Reaxys:101688;   Wikipedia:Folinic_acid
 cyclic_relationship: is_conjugate_acid_of CHEBI:65340



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5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Abcc2 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 multiple interactions EXP Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased expression of ABCC2 protein] CTD PMID:16925582 NCBI chr 1:242,664,657...242,723,239
Ensembl chr 1:242,664,657...242,723,238
JBrowse link
G Alb albumin multiple interactions ISO [Leucovorin co-treated with Cisplatin co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in decreased expression of ALB protein CTD PMID:20180123 NCBI chr14:17,607,397...17,622,814
Ensembl chr14:17,607,381...17,622,836
JBrowse link
G Angptl2 angiopoietin-like 2 multiple interactions ISO ANGPTL2 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr 3:16,517,185...16,547,024
Ensembl chr 3:16,517,420...16,548,178
JBrowse link
G Arl6ip5 ADP-ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 multiple interactions ISO ARL6IP5 protein affects the susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin co-treated with Cisplatin]; ARL6IP5 protein affects the susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin co-treated with oxaliplatin] CTD PMID:22452940 NCBI chr 4:129,810,650...129,838,628
Ensembl chr 4:129,810,645...129,838,608
JBrowse link
G Atp5po ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP multiple interactions ISO ATP5PO mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr11:31,165,218...31,171,530
Ensembl chr11:31,165,217...31,171,592
JBrowse link
G Axin2 axin 2 multiple interactions EXP [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of AXIN2 mRNA CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr10:93,893,830...93,927,042
Ensembl chr10:93,899,245...93,926,231
JBrowse link
G Bcl6 BCL6, transcription repressor multiple interactions ISO Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Pyrimethamine inhibits the reaction [Oncostatin M results in increased expression of BCL6 mRNA]] CTD PMID:34953855 NCBI chr11:76,854,090...76,877,389
Ensembl chr11:76,854,090...76,877,389
JBrowse link
G Bglap bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein multiple interactions EXP [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of BGLAP mRNA CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr 2:173,838,518...173,839,495
Ensembl chr 2:173,838,518...173,839,495
JBrowse link
G Boll boule homolog, RNA binding protein multiple interactions ISO BOLL mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr 9:56,734,890...56,859,917
Ensembl chr 9:56,733,584...56,859,916
JBrowse link
G Casp3 caspase 3 multiple interactions ISO [10-hydroxycamptothecin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased activity of CASP3 protein CTD PMID:12934351 NCBI chr16:45,662,910...45,681,171
Ensembl chr16:45,662,910...45,684,648
JBrowse link
G Ccnd1 cyclin D1 multiple interactions EXP [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of CCND1 mRNA CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr 1:200,089,002...200,098,524
Ensembl chr 1:200,089,002...200,098,602
JBrowse link
G Ccne1 cyclin E1 multiple interactions ISO [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in increased expression of CCNE1 mRNA CTD PMID:15342418 NCBI chr 1:90,781,947...90,791,188
Ensembl chr 1:90,781,949...90,791,101
JBrowse link
G Cdc45 cell division cycle 45 multiple interactions ISO [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in increased expression of CDC45 mRNA CTD PMID:15342418 NCBI chr11:82,185,427...82,210,630
Ensembl chr11:82,185,473...82,210,619
JBrowse link
G Cdc6 cell division cycle 6 multiple interactions ISO [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in increased expression of CDC6 mRNA CTD PMID:15342418 NCBI chr10:83,864,189...83,878,011
Ensembl chr10:83,864,638...83,878,011
JBrowse link
G Cdk1 cyclin-dependent kinase 1 multiple interactions ISO [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in increased expression of CDK1 mRNA CTD PMID:15342418 NCBI chr20:19,266,226...19,281,417
Ensembl chr20:19,266,248...19,281,408
JBrowse link
G Cdk2 cyclin dependent kinase 2 multiple interactions ISO [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in increased expression of CDK2 mRNA CTD PMID:15342418 NCBI chr 7:1,129,878...1,137,431
Ensembl chr 7:1,129,811...1,137,403
JBrowse link
G Cdkn1a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A multiple interactions ISO [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in increased expression of CDKN1A mRNA CTD PMID:15342418 NCBI chr20:7,149,177...7,159,727
Ensembl chr20:7,149,217...7,159,585
JBrowse link
G Ctnnb1 catenin beta 1 multiple interactions EXP [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of CTNNB1 protein CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr 8:120,640,008...120,667,110
Ensembl chr 8:120,639,995...120,667,111
JBrowse link
G Cyp11a1 cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 multiple interactions EXP Leucovorin affects the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased expression of CYP11A1 mRNA]; Leucovorin affects the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased expression of CYP11A1 protein] CTD PMID:21213337 NCBI chr 8:58,422,807...58,434,342
Ensembl chr 8:58,404,669...58,434,338
JBrowse link
G Dhfr dihydrofolate reductase multiple interactions
increases expression
ISO Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [DHFR gene mutant form results in decreased abundance of Folic Acid]
Leucovorin results in increased expression of DHFR protein
CTD PMID:16712799 PMID:21310277 NCBI chr 2:23,585,876...23,611,199
Ensembl chr 2:23,586,031...23,613,713
JBrowse link
G Dpyd dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase multiple interactions ISO [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in decreased activity of DPYD protein CTD PMID:7503095 NCBI chr 2:206,609,043...207,474,982
Ensembl chr 2:206,609,122...207,474,982
JBrowse link
G Drd5 dopamine receptor D5 multiple interactions ISO DRD5 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr14:72,487,950...72,491,050
Ensembl chr14:72,489,347...72,490,774
JBrowse link
G Edn1 endothelin 1 increases expression ISO Leucovorin results in increased expression of EDN1 mRNA; Leucovorin results in increased expression of EDN1 protein CTD PMID:16925845 NCBI chr17:22,454,924...22,460,812
Ensembl chr17:22,454,420...22,460,885
JBrowse link
G Eml2 EMAP like 2 multiple interactions ISO EML2 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr 1:78,827,595...78,859,342
Ensembl chr 1:78,828,080...78,859,341
JBrowse link
G Ercc1 ERCC excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit multiple interactions ISO ERCC1 gene SNP affects the susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin co-treated with oxaliplatin] CTD PMID:17401013 NCBI chr 1:78,971,310...79,007,963
Ensembl chr 1:78,996,390...79,007,963
JBrowse link
G Ercc2 ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit multiple interactions ISO ERCC2 gene SNP affects the susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin co-treated with oxaliplatin] CTD PMID:17401013 NCBI chr 1:79,033,342...79,047,102
Ensembl chr 1:79,033,326...79,047,102
JBrowse link
G F8 coagulation factor VIII multiple interactions ISO F8 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr18:140,848...172,330
Ensembl chr18:140,955...171,857
JBrowse link
G Fabp4 fatty acid binding protein 4 multiple interactions EXP Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in increased expression of FABP4 protein] CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr 2:91,580,879...91,585,567
Ensembl chr 2:91,580,885...91,585,578
JBrowse link
G Folr1 folate receptor alpha multiple interactions ISO FOLR1 protein affects the reaction [Leucovorin results in increased phosphorylation of STAT3 protein] CTD PMID:25841994 NCBI chr 1:156,219,460...156,238,436
Ensembl chr 1:156,219,460...156,230,667
JBrowse link
G Fshb follicle stimulating hormone subunit beta multiple interactions EXP Leucovorin affects the reaction [Methotrexate results in increased expression of FSHB protein] CTD PMID:21213337 NCBI chr 3:93,548,560...93,552,370
Ensembl chr 3:93,548,560...93,552,370
JBrowse link
G G6pd glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase multiple interactions EXP Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased activity of G6PD protein] CTD PMID:21213337 NCBI chr  X:152,201,081...152,220,863
Ensembl chr  X:152,201,098...152,220,801
JBrowse link
G Hand2 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 increases expression ISO Leucovorin results in increased expression of HAND2 mRNA; Leucovorin results in increased expression of HAND2 protein CTD PMID:16925845 NCBI chr16:32,917,448...32,920,791
Ensembl chr16:32,917,823...32,919,891
JBrowse link
G Hspb1 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 multiple interactions ISO HSPB1 protein affects the susceptibility to [Cisplatin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin] CTD PMID:19088045 NCBI chr12:20,794,014...20,795,675
Ensembl chr12:20,794,028...20,795,743
JBrowse link
G Il1b interleukin 1 beta multiple interactions ISO Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in increased expression of IL1B mRNA] CTD PMID:24444433 NCBI chr 3:116,577,005...116,583,386
Ensembl chr 3:116,577,010...116,583,415
JBrowse link
G Il6 interleukin 6 multiple interactions ISO Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in increased expression of IL6 mRNA] CTD PMID:24444433 NCBI chr 4:5,214,602...5,219,178
Ensembl chr 4:5,213,394...5,219,178
JBrowse link
G Il6st interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer multiple interactions ISO IL6ST protein affects the reaction [Leucovorin results in increased phosphorylation of STAT3 protein] CTD PMID:25841994 NCBI chr 2:44,065,979...44,106,255
Ensembl chr 2:44,066,130...44,109,936
JBrowse link
G Lef1 lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 multiple interactions EXP [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of LEF1 mRNA CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr 2:219,666,549...219,779,815
Ensembl chr 2:219,666,592...219,779,794
JBrowse link
G Lgals8 galectin 8 multiple interactions ISO LGALS8 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr17:58,024,652...58,052,764
Ensembl chr17:58,028,105...58,052,764
JBrowse link
G Lhb luteinizing hormone subunit beta multiple interactions EXP Leucovorin affects the reaction [Methotrexate results in increased expression of LHB protein] CTD PMID:21213337 NCBI chr 1:95,898,269...95,901,973
Ensembl chr 1:95,900,984...95,901,972
Ensembl chr 1:95,900,984...95,901,972
JBrowse link
G Mat2a methionine adenosyltransferase 2A multiple interactions ISO Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased expression of MAT2A mRNA] CTD PMID:22193356 NCBI chr 4:104,489,877...104,495,447
Ensembl chr 4:104,488,466...104,495,493
JBrowse link
G Mthfr methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase multiple interactions ISO MTHFR gene polymorphism results in increased susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin] CTD PMID:18633250 NCBI chr 5:158,465,248...158,484,999
Ensembl chr 5:158,465,296...158,483,797
JBrowse link
G Pparg peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma multiple interactions EXP [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of PPARG mRNA; [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of PPARG protein CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr 4:148,423,102...148,548,471
Ensembl chr 4:148,423,194...148,548,468
JBrowse link
G Serpine2 serpin family E member 2 multiple interactions ISO SERPINE2 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr 9:81,124,746...81,188,866
Ensembl chr 9:81,124,804...81,188,826
JBrowse link
G Sfrp1 secreted frizzled-related protein 1 multiple interactions EXP Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in increased expression of SFRP1 mRNA]; Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in increased expression of SFRP1 protein] CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr16:68,575,763...68,614,180
Ensembl chr16:68,575,763...68,614,286
JBrowse link
G Slc19a1 solute carrier family 19 member 1 multiple interactions ISO Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [SLC19A1 protein results in increased transport of Methotrexate] CTD PMID:21879757 NCBI chr20:11,584,410...11,602,429
Ensembl chr20:11,584,411...11,601,972
JBrowse link
G Slc22a6 solute carrier family 22 member 6 multiple interactions
increases uptake
EXP
ISO
Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased expression of SLC22A6 protein]
SLC22A6 protein results in increased uptake of Leucovorin
CTD PMID:16098483 PMID:16925582 NCBI chr 1:205,522,579...205,531,179
Ensembl chr 1:205,522,729...205,531,173
JBrowse link
G Slc22a8 solute carrier family 22 member 8 multiple interactions
increases uptake
EXP
ISO
Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased expression of SLC22A8 protein]
SLC22A8 protein results in increased uptake of Leucovorin
CTD PMID:16098483 PMID:16925582 NCBI chr 1:205,496,331...205,516,378
Ensembl chr 1:205,498,084...205,517,450
JBrowse link
G Slc46a1 solute carrier family 46 member 1 decreases activity
multiple interactions
ISO Leucovorin results in decreased activity of SLC46A1 protein
Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [SLC46A1 protein results in increased transport of Folic Acid]
CTD PMID:17475902 NCBI chr10:63,361,504...63,367,940
Ensembl chr10:63,361,486...63,368,848
JBrowse link
G Socs3 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 multiple interactions ISO Leucovorin inhibits the reaction [Pyrimethamine results in decreased expression of SOCS3 mRNA] CTD PMID:34953855 NCBI chr10:103,193,909...103,197,322
Ensembl chr10:103,193,537...103,197,787
JBrowse link
G Sp7 Sp7 transcription factor multiple interactions EXP [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of SP7 mRNA CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr 7:133,484,609...133,494,788
Ensembl chr 7:133,484,609...133,494,847
JBrowse link
G Star steroidogenic acute regulatory protein multiple interactions EXP Leucovorin affects the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased expression of STAR mRNA]; Leucovorin affects the reaction [Methotrexate results in decreased expression of STAR protein] CTD PMID:21213337 NCBI chr16:66,267,094...66,274,368
Ensembl chr16:66,264,807...66,271,672
JBrowse link
G Stat3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 multiple interactions ISO FOLR1 protein affects the reaction [Leucovorin results in increased phosphorylation of STAT3 protein]; IL6ST protein affects the reaction [Leucovorin results in increased phosphorylation of STAT3 protein]; Leucovorin results in increased activity of and results in increased phosphorylation of STAT3 protein CTD PMID:25841994 NCBI chr10:85,811,206...85,863,057
Ensembl chr10:85,811,218...85,863,057
JBrowse link
G Tymp thymidine phosphorylase multiple interactions ISO TYMP mRNA affects the susceptibility to [irinotecan co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin] CTD PMID:17454858 NCBI chr 7:120,438,768...120,444,088
Ensembl chr 7:120,438,770...120,443,874
Ensembl chr 7:120,438,770...120,443,874
JBrowse link
G Tyms thymidylate synthetase multiple interactions ISO [arsenic trioxide co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin] results in decreased expression of TYMS mRNA; TYMS gene polymorphism results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with Cisplatin co-treated with Paclitaxel]; TYMS mRNA affects the susceptibility to [irinotecan co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin]; TYMS promoter polymorphism results in increased susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin co-treated with oxaliplatin co-treated with docetaxel]; TYMS protein affects the susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin]
Leucovorin promotes the reaction [Fluorouracil results in decreased expression of TYMS]
CTD PMID:9050858 PMID:16424979 PMID:17454858 PMID:18676755 PMID:19074750 More... NCBI chr 9:113,313,454...113,329,551
Ensembl chr 9:113,313,452...113,329,536
JBrowse link
G Wnt10b Wnt family member 10B multiple interactions EXP [Methotrexate co-treated with Leucovorin] results in increased expression of WNT10B mRNA CTD PMID:25187349 NCBI chr 7:129,922,088...129,927,892
Ensembl chr 7:129,922,088...129,927,892
JBrowse link
G Xrcc1 X-ray repair cross complementing 1 multiple interactions ISO XRCC1 protein affects the susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin co-treated with Cisplatin]; XRCC1 protein affects the susceptibility to [Fluorouracil co-treated with Leucovorin co-treated with oxaliplatin] CTD PMID:22452940 NCBI chr 1:80,140,495...80,168,705
Ensembl chr 1:80,141,207...80,168,701
JBrowse link
G Zfp637 zinc finger protein 637 multiple interactions ISO ZNF32 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr 4:150,984,940...151,010,079
Ensembl chr 4:150,984,541...151,011,874
JBrowse link
G Znf829l-ps1 zinc finger protein 829 like, pseudogene 1 multiple interactions ISO ZNF582 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr 1:67,533,324...67,558,764 JBrowse link
G Zrsr2 zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2 multiple interactions ISO ZRSR2 mRNA results in increased susceptibility to [Leucovorin co-treated with Fluorouracil co-treated with irinotecan] CTD PMID:17327601 NCBI chr  X:30,547,424...30,571,613
Ensembl chr  X:30,547,536...30,570,125
JBrowse link

Term paths to the root
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Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19917
    role 19887
      biological role 19885
        biochemical role 19569
          metabolite 19577
            prokaryotic metabolite 18622
              bacterial metabolite 18622
                Escherichia coli metabolite 18508
                  5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid 59
                    (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid 0
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19917
    subatomic particle 19915
      composite particle 19915
        hadron 19915
          baryon 19915
            nucleon 19915
              atomic nucleus 19915
                atom 19915
                  main group element atom 19855
                    main group molecular entity 19855
                      s-block molecular entity 19666
                        hydrogen molecular entity 19668
                          hydrides 19176
                            inorganic hydride 18187
                              pnictogen hydride 18177
                                nitrogen hydride 18090
                                  azane 17896
                                    ammonia 17895
                                      organic amino compound 17895
                                        amino acid 16070
                                          alpha-amino acid 13946
                                            L-alpha-amino acid 12967
                                              glutamine family amino acid 10324
                                                L-glutamic acid 10263
                                                  L-glutamic acid derivative 9418
                                                    folic acids 9418
                                                      tetrahydrofolic acid 68
                                                        formyltetrahydrofolic acid 60
                                                          5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid 59
                                                            (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid 0
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