Send us a Message
Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   
Search RGD Grant Resources Citing RGD About Us Contact Us
Genes Variants Community Projects QTLs Strains Markers Genome Information Ontologies Cell Lines References Download Submit Data
OntoMate (Literature Search) JBrowse (Genome Browser) Synteny Browser (VCMap) Variant Visualizer Multi-Ontology Enrichment (MOET) Gene-Ortholog Location Finder (GOLF) InterViewer (Protein-Protein Interactions) PhenoMiner (Quatitative Phenotypes) Gene Annotator OLGA (Gene List Generator) AllianceMine GViewer (Genome Viewer)
Aging & Age-Related Disease Cancer & Neoplastic Disease Cardiovascular Disease Coronavirus Disease Developmental Disease Diabetes Hematologic Disease Immune & Inflammatory Disease Infectious Disease Liver Disease Neurological Disease Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Renal Disease Respiratory Disease Sensory Organ Disease
Find Models Genetic Models Autism Models Rat PhenoMiner (Quantitative Phenotypes) Chinchilla PhenoMiner Expected Ranges (Quantitative Phenotype) PhenoMiner Term Comparison Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Phenotypes Phenotypes in Other Animal Models Animal Husbandry Strain Medical Records Phylogenetics Strain Availability Calendar Rats 101 Submissions Photo Archive
Pathways
Rat Community Forum Directory of Rat Laboratories Video Tutorials News RGD Publications RGD Presentations Archive Nomenclature Guidelines Resource Links Laboratory Resources Employment Resources
Advanced Search (OLGA)

CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.
Term:insulin
go back to main search page
Accession:CHEBI:145810 term browser browse the term
Definition:A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the beta cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies.
Synonyms:xref_mesh: MESH:D007328
 xref: PMID:12137720;   PMID:19251032;   PMID:25848166;   PMID:5941964;   PMID:6069707;   Wikipedia:Insulin


show annotations for term's descendants           Sort by:
insulin term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Akt1 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 multiple interactions
increases activity
increases phosphorylation		 ISO
EXP		 [2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT1 protein; [2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT1 protein; [2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT1 protein
Insulin increases activity of Akt1 protein in adipocytes
Insulin increases activity of AKT1 protein in kidney cells
Insulin increases phosphorylation of Akt1 protein in cerebellar neurons		 CTD
RGD		 PMID:37005939 PMID:9065430 PMID:9202156 PMID:9112399 PMID:12088287 RGD:407420264, RGD:407987424, RGD:408345243, RGD:408345250 NCBI chr 6:131,713,716...131,735,319
Ensembl chr 6:131,713,720...131,733,921 		JBrowse link
G Akt2 AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 multiple interactions ISO [2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT2 protein; [2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT2 protein; [2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT2 protein CTD PMID:37005939 NCBI chr 1:82,877,228...82,933,828
Ensembl chr 1:82,883,547...82,933,817 		JBrowse link
G Akt3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 multiple interactions ISO [2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT3 protein; [2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT3 protein; [2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline co-treated with Insulin] results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT3 protein CTD PMID:37005939 NCBI chr13:88,943,708...89,225,831
Ensembl chr13:88,946,091...89,225,708 		JBrowse link
G Casp1 caspase 1 multiple interactions EXP Insulin promotes the reaction [Ozone inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased expression of CASP1 mRNA]] CTD PMID:26614261 NCBI chr 8:2,587,812...2,597,403
Ensembl chr 8:2,587,831...2,597,383 		JBrowse link
G Casp3 caspase 3 multiple interactions EXP Insulin promotes the reaction [Ozone inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased expression of CASP3 mRNA]] CTD PMID:26614261 NCBI chr16:45,662,910...45,681,171
Ensembl chr16:45,662,910...45,684,648 		JBrowse link
G Casp9 caspase 9 multiple interactions EXP Insulin promotes the reaction [Ozone inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased expression of CASP9 mRNA]] CTD PMID:26614261 NCBI chr 5:154,108,872...154,126,628
Ensembl chr 5:154,109,046...154,126,626 		JBrowse link
G Cebpa CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha multiple interactions ISO [Dexamethasone co-treated with Insulin co-treated with Indomethacin co-treated with 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine] results in increased expression of CEBPA mRNA; cordycepin inhibits the reaction [[Dexamethasone co-treated with Insulin co-treated with Indomethacin co-treated with 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine] results in increased expression of CEBPA mRNA] CTD PMID:34575692 NCBI chr 1:87,759,631...87,762,303
Ensembl chr 1:87,759,433...87,762,412 		JBrowse link
G Fabp4 fatty acid binding protein 4 multiple interactions ISO [Dexamethasone co-treated with Insulin co-treated with Indomethacin co-treated with 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine] results in increased expression of FABP4 mRNA; cordycepin inhibits the reaction [[Dexamethasone co-treated with Insulin co-treated with Indomethacin co-treated with 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine] results in increased expression of FABP4 mRNA] CTD PMID:34575692 NCBI chr 2:91,580,879...91,585,567
Ensembl chr 2:91,580,885...91,585,578 		JBrowse link
G Hif1a hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha multiple interactions EXP Insulin promotes the reaction [Ozone inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased expression of HIF1A mRNA]] CTD PMID:26614261 NCBI chr 6:92,624,059...92,669,262
Ensembl chr 6:92,624,390...92,669,261 		JBrowse link
G Insr insulin receptor decreases expression EXP insulin decreases expression of hepatic mRNA in streptozocin treated rats RGD PMID:1280238 RGD:15036814 NCBI chr12:1,193,193...1,330,976
Ensembl chr12:1,197,100...1,330,883 		JBrowse link
G Kcnn4 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4 increases expression
multiple interactions		 EXP insulin increases expression of Kcnn4 mRNA and protein in vascular smooth muscle cells
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one inhibits the reaction [insulin increases expression of Kcnn4 mRNA and protein in vascular smooth muscle cells]		 RGD PMID:21463632 PMID:21463632 RGD:401794561, RGD:401794561 NCBI chr 1:79,956,380...79,974,354
Ensembl chr 1:79,959,322...79,974,340 		JBrowse link
G Lpl lipoprotein lipase multiple interactions ISO [Dexamethasone co-treated with Insulin co-treated with Indomethacin co-treated with 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine] results in increased expression of LPL mRNA; cordycepin inhibits the reaction [[Dexamethasone co-treated with Insulin co-treated with Indomethacin co-treated with 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine] results in increased expression of LPL mRNA] CTD PMID:34575692 NCBI chr16:20,830,055...20,853,855
Ensembl chr16:20,829,465...20,855,249 		JBrowse link
G Mapk8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 multiple interactions EXP [[Paraquat results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK8 protein] which results in decreased abundance of Insulin] which results in increased abundance of Glucose CTD PMID:36394833 NCBI chr16:8,638,897...8,721,960
Ensembl chr16:8,638,924...8,721,981 		JBrowse link
G Mir210 microRNA 210 increases expression
multiple interactions		 EXP Insulin increases expression of Mir210 miRNA in myocardial cell
LY294002 inhibits the reaction [Insulin increases expression of Mir210 miRNA in myocardial cell]		 RGD PMID:25968948 PMID:25968948 RGD:11086706, RGD:11086706 NCBI chr 1:196,326,343...196,326,452
Ensembl chr 1:196,326,337...196,326,454 		JBrowse link
G Pparg peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma multiple interactions ISO [Dexamethasone co-treated with Insulin co-treated with Indomethacin co-treated with 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine] results in increased expression of PPARG mRNA; cordycepin inhibits the reaction [[Dexamethasone co-treated with Insulin co-treated with Indomethacin co-treated with 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine] results in increased expression of PPARG mRNA] CTD PMID:34575692 NCBI chr 4:148,423,102...148,548,471
Ensembl chr 4:148,423,194...148,548,468 		JBrowse link
G Srebf1 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 increases expression
multiple interactions		 EXP
ISO		 insulin increases expression of Srebf1 mRNA in hepatoma cells
cilostazol inhibits the reaction [insulin increases expression of Srebf1 mRNA in liver cancer cells]
cilostazol inhibits the reaction [insulin increases expression of Srebf1 mRNA in primary hepatocytes]
cilostazol inhibits the reaction [insulin increases expression of Srebf1 mRNA in hepatoma cells] 		RGD PMID:24458133 PMID:24458133 PMID:24458133 PMID:24458133 PMID:24458133 More... RGD:401842379, RGD:401842379, RGD:401842379, RGD:401842379, RGD:401842379, RGD:401842379 NCBI chr10:45,007,637...45,029,650
Ensembl chr10:45,007,637...45,029,650 		JBrowse link
G Tnf tumor necrosis factor multiple interactions EXP Insulin promotes the reaction [Ozone inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin results in increased expression of TNF mRNA]] CTD PMID:26614261 NCBI chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629
Ensembl chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629 		JBrowse link
insulin (human) term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Tnf tumor necrosis factor increases secretion EXP Novorapid inhibits the reaction [Lipopolysaccharide increases secretion of Tnf protein in serum] RGD PMID:18078960 RGD:15023464 NCBI chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629
Ensembl chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629 		JBrowse link
Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19867
    chemical entity 19865
      molecular entity 19865
        polyatomic entity 19817
          macromolecule 8833
            polypeptide 327
              insulin 17
                insulin (human) 1
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19867
    subatomic particle 19865
      composite particle 19865
        hadron 19865
          baryon 19865
            nucleon 19865
              atomic nucleus 19865
                atom 19865
                  main group element atom 19803
                    p-block element atom 19803
                      carbon group element atom 19744
                        carbon atom 19740
                          organic molecular entity 19740
                            heteroorganic entity 19512
                              organochalcogen compound 19273
                                organooxygen compound 19189
                                  carbon oxoacid 18660
                                    carboxylic acid 18657
                                      carboacyl group 17700
                                        univalent carboacyl group 17700
                                          carbamoyl group 17551
                                            carboxamide 17551
                                              peptide 11445
                                                cyclic peptide 8927
                                                  heterodetic cyclic peptide 1725
                                                    insulin 17
                                                      insulin (human) 1
paths to the root